ReviewFrontiers in immunology2023
Anti-CD20 therapies in multiple sclerosis: From pathology to the clinic.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 96 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
96 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 118 citations in OpenAlex.
- The dual role of mTOR in multiple sclerosis pathophysiology: a systematic review.Journal of neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of High Efficacy Multiple Sclerosis Disease Modifying Drugs on the Immune Synapse: A Systematic Review.Current pharmaceutical design · 2024Pooled it
- Comparative efficacy and tolerability of ublituximab vs. other monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trials.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of ofatumumab in participants with relapsing multiple sclerosis and breakthrough disease on oral fingolimod or fumarates: results from the ARTIOS study.Journal of neurology · 2026Trial
- Five Years of Ublituximab in Multiple Sclerosis: ULTIMATE I and II Open-Label Extension Study.JAMA neurology · 2026Trial
- Blood biomarker dynamics in people with relapsing multiple sclerosis treated with cladribine tablets: results of the 2-year MAGNIFY-MS study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- Optimizing the Use of Anti-CD20 Agents in Multiple Sclerosis and Other Autoimmune Central Nervous System Disorders: A Narrative Review.Neurology and therapy · 2026Review
- CD20+ T follicular helper-like cells drive antigen-specific autoimmunity in bullous pemphigoid.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Anti-CD20 Therapies in Pediatric Acquired Demyelinating Syndromes: Evidence Across MS, AQP4-IgG-Positive NMOSD and MOGAD.CNS drugs · 2026Review
- Real-World Effectiveness and Safety of Ofatumumab: Analysis of B Cell Depletion, Comorbidities and Ethnicity in a Spanish Cohort.Neurology and therapy · 2026Article
- Subcutaneous ofatumumab for remission maintenance in pediatric idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: a case series.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Article
- B Cells and B Cell Depletion in Autoimmunity and Atherosclerosis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Neuropilins in Multiple Sclerosis: Dual Roles of NRP-1 in Neuroinflammation and Neuroprotection.Neuromolecular medicine · 2026Review
- Nucleoside-Analog Reverse-Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) Against Multiple Sclerosis: Comprehensive Review on a Possible Novel Therapeutic Approach.Neurology international · 2026Review
- Opioid Signaling in Multiple Sclerosis: Emerging Targets for Repair.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Ofatumumab in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease: A Comparison With Rituximab.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Comparative Effectiveness of Rituximab in Treatment-Naïve vs. Switch Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Real-World Retrospective Study.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2026Article
- Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Multiple Sclerosis: Mechanistic Considerations Across Relapsing and Progressive Disease.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Rituximab as a sustainable high-efficacy solution for multiple Sclerosis in Brazil.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2026Article
- High-Dose Ethanol-Induced Immunosuppression Modulates Sex-Specific Disease Outcomes in a Murine Model of Multiple Sclerosis.Biomolecules · 2026Article
36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The immune system plays a significant role in multiple sclerosis. While MS was historically thought to be T cell-mediated, multiple pieces of evidence now support the view that B cells are essential players in multiple sclerosis pathogenic processes. High-efficacy disease-modifying therapies that target the immune system have emerged over the past two decades. Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies selectively deplete CD20+ B and CD20+ T cells and efficiently suppress inflammatory disease activity. These monotherapies prevent relapses, reduce new or active magnetic resonance imaging brain lesions, and lessen disability progression in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis. Rituximab, ocrelizumab, and ofatumumab are currently used in clinical practice, while phase III clinical trials for ublituximab have been recently completed. In this review, we compare the four anti-CD20 antibodies in terms of their mechanisms of action, routes of administration, immunological targets, and pharmacokinetic properties. A deeper understanding of the individual properties of these molecules in relation to their efficacy and safety profiles is critical for their use in clinical practice.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.