SynthesisEuropean journal of orthodontics2023
Prevention of white spot lesions with fluoride varnish during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances: a systematic review.
Synthesis in European journal of orthodontics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Fluoride Varnish on White Spot Lesion in Clear Aligner Orthodontic Patients: Prospective Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
The Effectiveness of Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) in the Prevention of Early Enamel Caries Among Patients With Fixed Orthodontic Appliances: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Self-Assembling Peptide on White Spot Lesions in Orthodontic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy of various interventions for the management of white spot lesions associated with fixed orthodontic treatment: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC oral health · 2026Pooled it
- A prospective, triple-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial evaluating the protective effect of P11-4 peptide on enamel demineralization during multibracket orthodontic treatment.BMC oral health · 2026Trial
- Influence of White Spot Lesion Severity on the Structural, Optical, and Mechanical Outcomes of Resin Infiltration: An In Vitro Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Comparative effectiveness of remineralization agents on attachment-associated enamel demineralization in clear aligner patients: A 6-Month DIAGNOdent-Based controlled clinical trial.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Microbiological Investigation and Clinical Efficacy of Professional Topical Fluoride Application onMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- White Spot Lesion Treatment Options: A Systematic Review of Different Techniques for Masking These Lesions.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Fe leaking from orthodontic appliances affects buccal enamel more than lingual during in vitro experiment.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prevention of White Spot Lesions Induced by Fixed Orthodontic Therapy: A Literature Review.Dentistry journal · 2025Review
- Metal leakage from orthodontic appliances chemically alters enamel surface during experimental in vitro simulated treatment.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- White spot lesions in fixed orthodontic treatment: Etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and future research perspectives.Journal of orthodontic science · 2024Review
- White spot lesions in orthodontics: consensus statements for prevention and management.The Angle orthodontist · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFluoride varnish (FV) is an established technology for primary and secondary caries prevention.
objectiveThe aim of this review was to evaluate the preventive effect of FV on development of white spot lesions (WSL) when regularly applied during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. SEARCH
methodsWe searched PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar up to October 2022 using predetermined keywords. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomized controlled trials of a duration of minimum 12 months and at least quarterly FV applications. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Based on abstracts, we retrieved full-text papers, extracted key outcome data, and assessed risk of bias. Primary outcome was prevalence of WSLs on subject level after debonding. We conducted a narrative synthesis and pooled comparable outcome data in a random effects model.
resultsWe included seven studies covering 666 patients and assessed four publications with low or moderate risk of bias and three with high. The prevalence of WSLs at debonding varied between 12 and 55%. All studies presented results in favour for the FV intervention, one reached statistical significance on subject level. Five studies provided data for a meta-analysis. The pooled risk ratio was 0.64 [95% CI: 0.42, 0.98], indicating a statistically significant preventive effect. Certainty of evidence was graded as very low after reducing for risk of bias, inconsistency and imprecision. LIMITATIONS: We pooled data on subject level and did not consider lesion severity on tooth level. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Even if the certainty of evidence was very low, it was shown that FV can prevent development of WSL when regularly applied during orthodontic treatment. Larger investigations reporting a core outcome set are required to increase the certainty of evidence. REGISTRATION: PROSPERO database (CRD42022370062).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.