ArticleNature communications2023
A cationic motif upstream Engrailed2 homeodomain controls cell internalization through selective interaction with heparan sulfates.
Article in Nature communications, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Heparin-Binding Proteins in the Nanoparticle Corona Enhance Cellular Uptake through Glycocalyx Interactions.ACS nano · 2025Article
- The limb dorsoventral axis: Lmx1b's role in development, pathology, evolution, and regeneration.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2024Review
- ENGRAILED-1 transcription factor has a paracrine neurotrophic activity on adult spinal α-motoneurons.EMBO reports · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Engrailed2 (En2) is a transcription factor that transfers from cell to cell through unconventional pathways. The poorly understood internalization mechanism of this cationic protein is proposed to require an initial interaction with cell-surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). To decipher the role of GAGs in En2 internalization, we have quantified the entry of its homeodomain region in model cells that differ in their content in cell-surface GAGs. The binding specificity to GAGs and the influence of this interaction on the structure and dynamics of En2 was also investigated at the amino acid level. Our results show that a high-affinity GAG-binding sequence (RKPKKKNPNKEDKRPR), upstream of the homeodomain, controls En2 internalization through selective interactions with highly-sulfated heparan sulfate GAGs. Our data underline the functional importance of the intrinsically disordered basic region upstream of En2 internalization domain, and demonstrate the critical role of GAGs as an entry gate, finely tuning homeoprotein capacity to internalize into cells.
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