ArticleJournal of affective disorders2023
Robust caregiver-youth discrepancies in irritability ratings on the affective reactivity index: An investigation of its origins.
Article in Journal of affective disorders, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Youth Irritability as Consequence and Predictor of Family Conflict From Late Childhood to Early Adolescence.Child psychiatry and human development · 2026Article
- Mapping phenotypic and genetic relationships among irritability, depression and ADHD in adolescence using network analysis.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Article
- Sensitivity and Bias in Face-Emotion Labeling: Replication and Extension to Youth With Irritability and Anxiety.JAACAP open · 2026Article
- Cross-Cultural Consortium on Irritability (C3I): An International Network for Research on Cultural Similarities and Differences in Irritability.JAACAP open · 2026Article
- Measuring irritability across childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood: an investigation of measurement invariance by age, sex, and informant.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Evaluating psychometric validity of ecological momentary assessment for youth irritability.Journal of affective disorders · 2025Article
- Investigating Irritability as a Potentially Causal Risk Pathway to Depression Using Two Genetically Informed Designs.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2025Article
- Article
- The hidden burden: self-reported irritability in adolescent girls signals higher psychiatric risk.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Concurrent and longitudinal neurostructural correlates of irritability in children.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Sleepless nights, sour moods: daily sleep-irritability links in a pediatric clinical sample.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2024Article
- Factors Associated with High Parent- and Youth-Rated Irritability Score in Early-Onset Mood Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study with the Affective Reactivity Index (ARI).Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Phasic Versus Tonic Irritability and Associations with Family Accommodation Among Youth with Selective Mutism: A Latent Profile Analysis.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2024Article
- Irritability, Negative Life Events and the Course of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in a Clinical Sample of Youth: A Longitudinal Study.JAACAP open · 2024Article
- What I see, what you say: How cross-method variation sharpens characterization of irritability in early childhood.International journal of methods in psychiatric research · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe Affective Reactivity Index (ARI) is widely used to assess young people's irritability symptoms, but youth and caregivers often diverge in their assessments. Such informant discrepancy might be rooted in poor psychometric properties, the differential conceptualization of irritability across informants, or reflect sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. We use an out-of-sample replication approach and leverage longitudinal data, available for a subset of the participants, to test these hypotheses.
methodAcross two independent samples (N
resultsDespite good internal consistency and 6-week-retest-reliability of parent (Cohort-1: α = 0.92, ICC = 0.85; Cohort-2: α = 0.93) and youth forms (Cohort-1: α = 0.88, ICC = 0.78; Cohort-2: α = 0.82), we confirm substantial informant discrepancy in ARI ratings (3 points on a scale from 0 to 12), which is stable over six weeks (ICC = 0.53). Measurement invariance across informants was weak, indicating that parents and youth may interpret ARI items differently. Irritability severity and diagnostic status predicted informant-discrepancy, albeit in opposing directions: higher severity was linked to relative, higher irritability-ratings by youth (Cohort-1: β = -0.06, p < .001; Cohort-2: β = -0.06, p < .001), while diagnoses of Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (Cohort-1: β = 0.44, p < .001; Cohort-2: β = 0.84, p < .001) and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (Cohort-1: β = 0.41, p < .001; Cohort-2: β = 0.42, p < .001) predicted relative higher irritability-ratings by caregivers. In both datasets, a bifactor model parsing informant-specific from shared irritability-related variance fit the data well (CFI = 0.99, RMSEA = 0.05; N
conclusionParent and youth ARI reports and their discrepancy are reliable and reflect different interpretations of the scale items; hence they should not be averaged. This finding also suggests that irritability is not a unitary construct. Future work should investigate and model how different aspects of irritability might differ in their impact on the responses of specific informants.
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