ArticlePharmacoEconomics2023
Developing a Framework of Cost Elements of Socioeconomic Burden of Rare Disease: A Scoping Review.
Article in PharmacoEconomics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Policy lessons regarding medical security for rare diseases inChina: Insights from Zhejiang Province through the multiplestreams framework.Intractable & rare diseases research · 2026Review
- The economic burden of KCNT1-related disorders in the United States: insights from caregiver-reported and EMR-derived data.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Counting the Cost: The Hidden Financial Realities of Neuromuscular Disease Through Patient and Family Perspectives.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025Article
- The cost of the diagnostic odyssey of patients with suspected rare diseases.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2025Article
- Systematic Scoping Review of Socioeconomic Burden and Associated Psychosocial Impact in Patients With Rare Kidney Diseases and Their Caregivers.Kidney international reports · 2025Article
- A phenotype-based AI pipeline outperforms human experts in differentially diagnosing rare diseases using EHRs.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- The impact of rare diseases on the quality of life in paediatric patients: current status.Frontiers in public health · 2025Review
- Uncovering the hidden socioeconomic impact of juvenile idiopathic arthritis and paving the way for other rare childhood diseases: an international, cross-disciplinary, patient-centered approach (PAVE Consortium).Pediatric rheumatology online journal · 2024Article
- Are We Capturing the Socioeconomic Burden of Rare Genetic Disease? A Scoping Review of Economic Evaluations and Cost-of-Illness Studies.PharmacoEconomics · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectiveRare diseases place a significant burden on patients, families, the healthcare system, and society. Evidence on the socioeconomic burden of rare disease is limited and mostly reflects diseases where treatments are available. We developed a framework encompassing recommended cost elements for studies of the socioeconomic burden of rare diseases.
methodsA scoping review, conducted in five databases (Cochrane Library, EconLit, Embase, MEDLINE, and APA PsycINFO), identified English language publications from 2000 to 2021 presenting frameworks developed for determining, measuring or valuing costs for rare or chronic diseases. Cost elements were extracted and used to develop a literature-informed framework. Structured feedback was gathered from experts in rare diseases, health economics/health services, and policy research to revise the framework.
resultsOf 2990 records identified, eight papers were included and informed our preliminary framework; three focused on rare disease and five on chronic disease. Following expert input, we developed a framework consisting of nine cost categories (inpatient, outpatient, community, healthcare products/goods, productivity/education, travel/accommodation, government benefits, family impacts, and other), with several cost elements within each category. Our framework includes unique costs, added from the expert feedback, including genetic testing to inform treatment, use of private laboratories or out-of-country testing, family involvement in foundations and organizations, and advocacy costs for special access programs.
conclusionsOur work is the first to identify a comprehensive list of cost elements for rare disease for use by researchers and policy makers to fully capture socioeconomic burden. Use of the framework will increase the quality and comparability of future studies. Future work should focus on measuring and valuing these costs through onset, diagnosis, and post-diagnosis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.