ArticlePloS one2023
Comparison of toxic heavy metals in the breast milk of diabetic and non-diabetic postpartum mothers in Yenagoa, Nigeria.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human Milk as a Biomonitor of Toxic Metal Exposure: Sources, Transfer Mechanisms, and Implications for Infant Health-A Review.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Heavy metal contamination pathways and health risk assessment in raw buffalo milk from Egyptian dairy environments: Implications for safety and sustainability.Open veterinary journal · 2026Article
- Sex and the Developmental Environment Shape Molecular Networks Underlying Bronchial Responsiveness in Mice.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- Associations Between Heavy Metal Exposure from Milk and Steroid Hormones in Mothers.Biological trace element research · 2025Article
- Developmental air pollution exposure augments airway hyperreactivity, alters transcriptome, and DNA methylation in female adult progeny.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Polyphenol exposure of mothers and infants assessed by LC-MS/MS based biomonitoring in breast milk.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2024Article
- Lactational exposure of human infants to metal(loid)s in Sub-Saharan Africa and Mediterranean Europe: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Current research in toxicology · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBreast milk is the main source of neonatal nutrition. It is not known whether diabetes increases the excretion of toxic heavy metals in the breast milk of postpartum mothers. We compared the concentration of toxic heavy metals in breast milk between diabetic and non-diabetic postpartum mothers in Yenagoa. MATERIAL AND
methodsA cross-sectional design was utilized on a purposive sample of 144 consenting postpartum mothers (72 diabetic and 72 non-diabetic mothers) from three public hospitals. Breast milk samples were collected at 5-6 weeks postpartum between 1st November 2020 and 30th April 2021. Atomic-Absorption-Spectrophotometer and Direct-Mercury-Analyzer were used to analyze the breast milk samples. A data collection form (proforma) was used and data were analyzed at a 5% significance level with IBM-SPSS 25 software.
resultHigh levels of Arsenic (63.9% vs. 62.5%), Lead (95.8% vs. 95.8%), Mercury (68.1% vs. 72.2%), and Cadmium (84.7% vs. 86.1%) were detected in the breast milk of the diabetic and non-diabetic groups respectively. The mean concentrations for Arsenic (0.6 vs. 0.6 ng/mL), Lead (13.2 vs. 12.2 ng/mL), Mercury (2.9 vs. 3.0 ng/mL), and Cadmium (3.3 vs. 3.2 ng/mL) were above the WHO permissible limits, thus showing evidence of risk to the health of the mother and neonate. There was no significant difference in the concentration of toxic heavy metals in breast milk between the groups (p = > 0.585).
conclusionsDiabetes did not seem to increase the concentration of toxic heavy metals expressed in breast milk. More rigorous studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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