ArticleIndian journal of ophthalmology2023
Optimization and evaluation of tear protein elution from Schirmer's strips in dry eye disease.
Article in Indian journal of ophthalmology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Canine Tear Proteomics: A New Frontier in Veterinary Ophthalmology.Veterinary ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Immunological Interplay at the Ocular Surface of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, Ocular Cicatricial Pemphigoid, and Ocular Graft Versus Host Disease.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Review
- The Assessment of Dry Eye Disease in Incense Users: A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study Integrating Clinical and Tear Biomarker Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A comprehensive review of tear fluid proteome alterations in dry eye disease: Insights into pathophysiology and biomarker potential.The ocular surface · 2026Review
- Tear Sampling and Biomarker Discovery: A Robust Workflow for Routine Clinical Applications Using UHPLC-MS/MS and Schirmer Strips.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- High-Throughput Tear Proteomics via In-Capillary Digestion for Biomarker Discovery.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- A Look into Ocular Diseases: The Pivotal Role of Omics Sciences in Ophthalmology Research.ACS measurement science au · 2024Review
- Tear Samples for Protein Extraction: Comparative Analysis of Schirmer's Test Strip and Microcapillary Tube Methods.Cureus · 2023Article
- Seeing through tears: Understanding and managing dry eye disease.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeExtraction of tear protein from Schirmer's strip is a prerequisite for the proper identification and screening of biomarkers in dry eye disease. The study compares different methods of extraction of tear proteins from the Schirmer's strip.
methodsReflex tear was collected from healthy controls (HC; n = 12), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS; n = 3) and dry eye disease (DED; n = 3) patients using capillary tube. This tear was used to measure the volume absorbed by Schirmer's strip per microliter. Different buffers (6) were used to compare the protein yield from the Schirmer's strip in four different conditions. The tear proteins extracted using the highest protein yield buffer were analyzed by mass spectrometry.
resultsA linear relationship between the tear volume and wetting length was observed (r = 0.0.997, n = 6). The highest yield was observed after incubation of the Schirmer's strip in 100 mM ammonium bicarbonate (ABC) with 0.25% Nonidet P-40(NP-40) at 4°C for an hour (P < 0.00005). The in-solution digestion of tear eluted in the above condition 100 Mm ABC + 0.25% NP-40 with one-hour incubation yielded a total of 2119 proteins in HC, SJS, and DED. The unique protein observed in SJS and DED was 0.6% and 17.9%, respectively. The significantly expressed proteins are associated with innate immune response, proteolysis, wound healing, and defense response.
conclusionA method for extraction of protein from Schirmer's strip was optimized for increase in protein yield from the tear sample. SJS and DED tear samples have unique protein signature. The study will aid in better design of tear protein-based experimental study.
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