ReviewIndian journal of ophthalmology2023
Benzalkonium chloride-induced dry eye disease animal models: Current understanding and potential for translational research.
Review in Indian journal of ophthalmology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global research hotspots and trends in anti-inflammatory studies in dry eye: a bibliometric analysis (2004-2024).Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- A Review of the Principles, Methodologies and Characteristics of Dry Eye Animal Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Marine-Derived Neoagarotetraose Alleviates Dry Eye Disease by Suppressing Inflammation and Apoptosis in a Murine Model.Marine drugs · 2026Article
- CL-EVLPs Promote Corneal Repair in a BAC-Induced Corneal Injury Model via Ocular Microenvironment Reconstruction.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Research progress in animal models of dry eye disease: Types, mechanisms, and application prospects.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Development of Autologous Serum Ocular Insert for Chronic Dry Eye Disease.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Could a Preservative Have Prevented the Extremely-Drug ResistantCurrent eye research · 2026Article
- Mechanism of periocular acupuncture in alleviating dry eye neuropathic pain via regulation of the "periocular acupoint-trigeminal ganglion-ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus" pathway.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Sphingomyelin Synthase 2 Deletion Mitigates Oxidative Stress-Induced NF-κB Activation via Lipid Metabolic Reprogramming in Dry Eye Disease.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Kaempferol Alleviates Dry Eye Disease Via Modulation of the IDH3B/CCAR2/IKBKB Axis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Comparative Analysis of Age-Associated Changes in Meibum Composition, Distribution, and Function in Mice With Altered Hyaluronan Expression.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Drug-free hyaluronic acid-microneedle with unexpected inhibition activity on benzalkonium chloride-induced corneal inflammation and stromal scarring.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Research progress of corneal characteristics and changes in primary angle‑closure glaucoma (Review).Biomedical reports · 2025Review
- Topical Ocular Drug Delivery: The Impact of Permeation Enhancers.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Obtusifolin ameliorates dry eye model in rats by reducing inflammation and blocking MAPK/NF-κB pathways.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Ophthalmic Formulations for the Treatment of Allergic Conjunctivitis and Their Effect on the Ocular Surface: A Review of Safety and Tolerability Assessments in Clinical Trials.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Exosomes fromInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomal miR-223-3p Alleviates Ocular Surface Damage and Inflammation by Downregulating Fbxw7 in Dry Eye Models.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Development of a Temperature and pH Dual-Sensitive In-Situ Gel for Treating Allergic Conjunctivitis.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2024Article
- SPARC overexpression in allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in dog dry eye model induced by benzalkonium chloride.Stem cell research & therapy · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is an emerging health issue affecting people worldwide. There have been rapid advances in the development of novel molecules and targeted therapies for the treatment of DED in the recent past. For testing and optimizing these therapies, it is necessary to have reliable experimental animal models of DED. One such approach is the use of benzalkonium chloride (BAC). Several BAC-induced DED models of rabbits and mice have been described in literature. BAC induces high levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the cornea and conjunctiva, along with epithelial cell apoptosis and reduction of mucins, which leads to tear film instability, thereby successfully simulating human DED. The stability of these models directs whether the treatment is to be applied while BAC is being instilled or after its cessation. In this review, we summarize the previously described BAC animal models of DED and present original data on rabbit DED models created using 0.1%, 0.15%, and 0.2% BAC administration twice daily for two consecutive weeks. The 0.2% BAC model sustained DED signs for 3 weeks, while 0.1% and 0.15% models sustained DED signs for 1-2 weeks after BAC discontinuation. Overall, these models look promising and continue to be used in various studies to investigate the efficacy of therapeutic drugs for DED treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.