ReviewIndian journal of ophthalmology2023
Lacrimal and meibomian gland evaluation in dry eye disease: A mini-review.
Review in Indian journal of ophthalmology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07430137 (Effect of a Blink Reminder Program on the Progression of Meibomian Gland Loss in Intensive Digital Screen Users), which is not on this map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of a Blink Reminder Program on the Progression of Meibomian Gland Loss in Intensive Digital Screen Users: a Randomized Controlled Trial With Infrared Meibography
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lacrimal gland organoids: A systematic review on development, characterization, molecular profiling and translational potential in dry eye disease.Experimental eye research · 2026Pooled it
- Radiological Imaging of the Lacrimal Gland in Sjogren's Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Current eye research · 2024Pooled it
- Agreement Between Tear Film Tests Performed by Novice Examiners.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Article
- Home-based low-level light therapy using a commercial LED mask for dry eye disease.International ophthalmology · 2026Observational
- Acute and long-term effects of ocular surface burns on ocular surface microbiota: a one-year follow-up study.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Efficacy of intradermal acupuncture for ocular surface diseases secondary to refractory peripheral facial palsy: a randomized controlled trial study protocol.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Development and validation of a risk prediction model for dry eye disease in myopic children.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in the Lacrimal Gland: Implications for Dry Eye Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Impact of smoking exposure on meibomian gland morphology and tear film stability: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Platelet-Rich Plasma for the Treatment of Ocular Surface Disease in Animals: A Systematic Review.Veterinary medicine international · 2025Review
- Comparative Analysis of Intense Pulsed Light Therapy in Patients with Meibomian Gland Dysfunction, with and Without Glaucoma Medication.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Ocular Changes in Cystic Fibrosis: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Influence of Environmental Factors with Clinical Signs and Symptoms in the Management of Dry Eye Disease.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Article
- The Association of Dry Eye Disease with Functional Visual Acuity and Quality of Life.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Seeing through tears: Understanding and managing dry eye disease.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Lacrimal and meibomian glands contribute to the aqueous and lipid components of tear film, respectively. Their evaluation remains central to diagnosing and managing dry eye disease (DED). The review discusses the differences and reliability of various diagnostic tests and commercially available devices used for DED diagnosis. Slit-lamp-based techniques are direct palpebral lobe and tear flow assessment, Schirmer test, meibum quality and expressibility, and evaluation of tear meniscus height. Non-invasive tear meniscus height (TMH), tear break-up time (TBUT), lipid layer thickness (LLT), and meibography are machine-based diagnostic tests. The structure-function correlation of the tear-producing glands gives more comprehensive details than either information alone. Many devices are available in the market, which make DED diagnosis an easy feat, but the tests should be interpreted keeping in mind the intra-observer and inter-observer repeatability. Also, the tear film displays a huge variability as per the environmental conditions and impact of blinking. Hence, the examiner should be well versed with the techniques and repeat the test two to three times to obtain an average reading, which is more reliable. The recommended sequence of tests for diagnosing DED is a dry eye questionnaire, TMH, LLT, NIBUT (FBUT if non-invasive test is unavailable but should be performed after osmolarity), tear osmolarity, meibography, and ocular surface staining. Invasive tests such as Schirmer should be performed after the non-invasive tear film diagnostic testing.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.