ArticleBMC infectious diseases2023
Association between bacterial vaginosis and 25-Hydroxy vitamin D: a case-control study.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Correlation Analysis of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels With Immune Function and Calcium-Phosphate Metabolism in Patients With Bronchial Asthma Treated With Combination Therapy.Physiological research · 2024Trial
- State-of-the-Art Review: Managing Vulvovaginal Candidiasis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Review
- Natural Molecules, Nutraceuticals, and Engineered Nanosystems: A Comprehensive Strategy for CombatingMicroorganisms · 2025Review
- The role of biogenic aluminium oxide nanoparticles (AlScientific reports · 2025Article
- Social, microbial, and immune factors linking bacterial vaginosis and infectious diseases.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Review
- The association between global and prime diet quality scores and the risk of bacterial vaginosis: a secondary analysis of case-control study.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Non-linear association between serum vitamin D and bacterial vaginosis in U.S. women: analysis from NHANES 2001-2004.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Evaluation of homocysteine, folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin D levels in pregnant women with recurrent vaginitis.Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionBacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal dysbiosis among women of reproductive age. Micronutrient deficiencies, including vitamin D deficiency, can increase the risk of BV. The findings of previous studies regarding the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and BV were conflicting. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association between BV and serum level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D. MATERIALS AND
methodsThis case-control study was conducted in Gonabad County in 2021. One hundred and twenty-five confirmed BV cases and 125 controls who were matched based on age and intercourse frequency (maximum difference of two days per week) enrolled in the study. Data collection was performed using a demographic and reproductive data questionnaire and a checklist for recording Whiff test results, serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level, litmus paper observation, and microscopic findings (clue cells). Serum level of vitamin D was evaluated based on enzyme-linked immunoassay method (Monobind kit) from 0.5 ml venous blood drawn from each participant. The conditional logistic regression model was used to analyze data.
resultsThe BV cases had significantly lower 25-hydroxy vitamin D serum levels than controls. The odds of BV increased with vitamin D deficiency (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 4.34, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.39-13.4, p = 0.011, FDR q-value = 0.051), vitamin D insufficiency (AOR: 3.65, 95% CI: 1.23-10.85; p = 0.020; FDR q-value = 0.053), cigarette/hookah smoking (AOR: 3.65, 95% CI: 1.23, 10.85; p = 0.020; FDR q-value = 0.053) and lower age at first intercourse (AOR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.28; p = 0.004; FDR q-value = 0.048). The odds of BV was 0.80 and 0.78 times lower in participants who had coitus interruptus (AOR: 0.20, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.63; p = 0.006; FDR q-value = 0.048) and condom use (AOR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.79; p = 0.016; FDR q-value = 0.051), respectively, compared to participants who did not use contraceptives.
conclusionThese findings suggested that lower serum vitamin D levels were associated with an increased risk of developing BV. However, further studies are needed to confirm the results of the present study.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.