ArticleBMC geriatrics2023
A Core Outcome Set for nutritional intervention studies in older adults with malnutrition and those at risk: a study protocol.
Article in BMC geriatrics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Validation of the Turkish Version of Rapid Geriatric Assessment in Hospitalized Older Adults: A Preliminary Study.Florence Nightingale journal of nursing · 2025Article
- Cumulative effect of intrinsic capacity domains on geriatric syndromes and functionality in older inpatients.BMC geriatrics · 2025Observational
- Development of a core outcome set for pharmacological interventions in osteoporosis among patients with diabetes mellitus: an international consensus study protocol.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Critical outcomes to be included in the Core Outcome Set for nutritional intervention studies in older adults with malnutrition or at risk of malnutrition: a modified Delphi Study.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 9 institutions in 9 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMalnutrition (i.e., protein-energy malnutrition) in older adults has severe negative clinical consequences, emphasizing the need for effective treatments. Many, often small, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) testing the effectiveness of nutritional interventions for the treatment of malnutrition showed mixed results and a need for meta-analyses and data pooling has been expressed. However, evidence synthesis is hampered by the wide variety of outcomes and their method of assessment in previous RCTs. This paper describes the protocol for developing a Core Outcome Set (COS) for nutritional intervention studies in older adults with malnutrition and those at risk.
methodsThe project consists of five phases. The first phase consists of a scoping review to identify frequently used outcomes in published RCTs and select additional patient-reported outcomes. The second phase includes a modified Delphi Survey involving experienced researchers and health care professionals working in the field of malnutrition in older adults, followed by the third phase consisting of a consensus meeting to discuss and agree what critical outcomes need to be included in the COS. The fourth phase will determine how each COS outcome should be measured based on a systematic literature review and a second consensus meeting. This will be followed by a dissemination and implementation phase. Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) representatives will contribute to study design, oversight, consensus, and dissemination.
conclusionsThe result of this project is a COS that should be included in any RCT evaluating the effect of nutritional interventions in older adults with malnutrition and those at risk. This COS will facilitate comparison of RCT results, will increase efficient use of research resources and will reduce bias due to measurement of the outcome and publication bias. Ultimately, the COS will support clinical decision making by identifying the most effective approaches for treating and preventing malnutrition in older adults.
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