ReviewJournal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection2023
Relation between ocular paraneoplastic syndromes and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICI): review of literature.
Review in Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Ocular Toxicity: A Case of Pembrolizumab-Associated Corneal Ulceration and Evisceration.Reports (MDPI) · 2025Article
- Fundus hypopigmentation and choroidal thinning associated with tebentafusp therapy: report of a case and literature review.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Article
- Emerging Ocular Side Effects of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Review.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Cytokines in PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor adverse events and implications for the treatment of uveitis.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Review
- Case Report: Longitudinal Evaluation and Treatment of a Melanoma-Associated Retinopathy Patient.Research square · 2024Article
- Diagnosing and Managing Uveitis Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Case report: Longitudinal evaluation and treatment of a melanoma-associated retinopathy patient.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Case Report: Paraneoplastic melanoma-associated retinopathy mimicking posterior uveitis.Frontiers in neurologyArticle
- Sight-Threatening Immune Retinopathy Developing Secondary to Durvalumab Treatment of Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Case Report.Case reports in ophthalmologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo describe different ocular paraneoplastic syndromes in patients treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICI), its relation with different types of ICI and different types of tumors, and its implications for treatment.
methodsA comprehensive review of the literature was performed.
resultsPatients treated with ICI can present with different ocular paraneoplastic syndromes, such as Carcinoma Associated Retinopathy (CAR), Melanoma Associated Retinopathy (MAR) and paraneoplastic Acute Exudative Polymorphous Vitelliform Maculopathy (pAEPVM). In literature, the different types of paraneoplastic retinopathy are mostly related to different types of primary tumors, with MAR and pAEPVM seen in melanoma, and CAR in carcinoma. Visual prognosis is limited in MAR and CAR.
conclusionParaneoplastic disorders result from an antitumor immune response against a shared autoantigen between the tumor and ocular tissue. ICI enhance the antitumor immune response, which can lead to increased cross-reaction against ocular structures and unmasking of a predisposed paraneoplastic syndrome. Different types of primary tumors are related to different cross-reactive antibodies. Therefore, the different types of paraneoplastic syndromes are related to different types of primary tumors and are probably unrelated to the type of ICI. ICI-related paraneoplastic syndromes often lead to an ethical dilemma. Continuation of ICI treatment can lead to irreversible visual loss in MAR and CAR. In these cases overall survival must be weighed against quality of life. In pAEPVM however, the vitelliform lesions can disappear with tumor control, which may involve continuation of ICI.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.