SynthesisAmerican journal of epidemiology2023
Metal Exposure and Risk of Parkinson Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in American journal of epidemiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Are high copper levels related to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases? A systematic review and meta-analysis of articles published between 2011 and 2022.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Trace Elements Dyshomeostasis and Toxic Metals Neurotoxicity in Neurodegenerative Diseases.Biological trace element research · 2026Review
- Environmental hazards and climate change: Unmasking Parkinson's hidden enemies.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2026Review
- Magnesium: Hype and Health Benefits.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Environmental determinants of Parkinson's disease and attributable burden in Latin America.Research square · 2026Article
- Cadmium-Induced Toxicity as a Pathophysiological Mechanism for Parkinson's Disease Onset in Individuals with Iron and Zinc Deficiencies and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.Neurology international · 2026Review
- LIFETIME JEM-DERIVED OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE BURDEN AND ODDS OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE AND PARKINSONISM IN A MATCHED CASE-CONTROL STUDY.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Bridging global diversity gaps in Parkinson disease research.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2026Review
- The lung-brain axis: elucidating the mechanisms of pulmonary-driven neurological disorders.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- The Impact of Zinc on Cellular Dynamics, Brain Function, and its Therapeutic Potential in Neuronal Regeneration.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Effects of single and mixed metal exposure on neurocognitive health and quality of life among adults from Bihar India.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Consensus Molecules Associated with Parkinson's Disease.Neurology international · 2026Review
- Molecular mechanisms of exercise-induced neuroprotection against Parkinson's disease.Sports medicine and health science · 2026Review
- Blood and cerebrospinal fluid metallomics uncover mercury, chromium, and iron alterations inJournal of Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Environmental toxins in neurodegeneration - a narrative review.Neurological research and practice · 2025Review
- Perturbations of Zinc Homeostasis and Onset of Neuropsychiatric Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Elemental Imbalances After Manganese Exposure and the Regulatory Potential of Curcumin.Biological trace element research · 2025Article
- Copper regulates the expression of immune genes in microglial cells in vitro.Immunobiology · 2025Article
- The multifaceted role of hair as a biospecimen: recent advances in precision medicine and forensic science.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2025Review
- The quest for Parkinson's disease biomarkers: traditional and emerging multi-omics approaches.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Metal exposure has been suggested as a possible environmental risk factor for Parkinson disease (PD). We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases to systematically review the literature on the relationship between metal exposure and PD risk and to examine the overall quality of each study and the exposure assessment method. A total of 83 case-control studies and 5 cohort studies published during the period 1963-July 2021 were included, of which 73 were graded as being of low or moderate overall quality. Investigators in 69 studies adopted self-reported exposure and biomonitoring after disease diagnosis for exposure assessment approaches. The meta-analyses showed that concentrations of copper and iron in serum and concentrations of zinc in either serum or plasma were lower, while concentrations of magnesium in CSF and zinc in hair were higher, among PD cases as compared with controls. Cumulative lead levels in bone were found to be associated with increased risk of PD. We did not find associations between other metals and PD. The current level of evidence for associations between metals and PD risk is limited, as biases from methodological limitations cannot be ruled out. High-quality studies assessing metal levels before disease onset are needed to improve our understanding of the role of metals in the etiology of PD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.