Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37021692›Full record

Trial reportClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2023

Targeted Mass Azithromycin Distribution for Trachoma: A Community-Randomized Trial (TANA II).

Hamidah Mahmud, Berhan A Haile, Zerihun Tadesse, Sintayehu Gebresillasie, Ayalew Shiferaw, Mulat Zerihun, Zijun Liu, E Kelly Callahan, Sun Y Cotter, Nicole E Varnado and 4 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01202331 (Tripartite International Research for the Elimination of Trachoma), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
0.4field-weighted citation impact, top 42% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01202331 phase4completednot on this map

Tripartite International Research for the Elimination of Trachoma

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of California, San FranciscoRan2010 to 2014Enrolled29,000ConditionsTrachoma, ChlamydiaArmsmass treatment with oral azithromycin
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trachoma.Lancet (London, England) · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Hamidah MahmudSchool of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Berhan A HaileThe Carter Center Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Zerihun TadesseThe Carter Center Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Sintayehu GebresillasieThe Carter Center Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Ayalew ShiferawThe Carter Center Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Mulat ZerihunThe Carter Center Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Zijun LiuFrancis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
E Kelly CallahanThe Carter Center Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Sun Y CotterFrancis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Nicole E VarnadoFrancis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Catherine E OldenburgFrancis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Travis C PorcoFrancis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Thomas M LietmanFrancis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Jeremy D KeenanFrancis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
University of California, San Francisco · USThe Carter Center · ET

Funding

TANA IIU10EY016214 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI LIETMAN, THOMAS M · 2004 to 2013
$4.4M
Optimal trachoma control after mass antibiotic distributionsK23EY019071 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI KEENAN, JEREMY DAVID · 2008 to 2012
$982k
NEI NIH HHS K23 EY019071NEI NIH HHS U10 EY016214
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCurrent guidelines recommend annual community-wide mass administration of azithromycin for trachoma. Targeting treatments to those most likely to be infected could reduce the amount of unnecessary antibiotics distributed.

methodsIn a cluster-randomized trial conducted from 1 November 2010 through 8 November 2013, 48 Ethiopian communities previously treated with annual mass azithromycin distributions for trachoma were randomized in equal numbers to (1) annual azithromycin distributions targeted to children aged 0-5 years, (2) annual azithromycin distributions targeted to households with a child aged 0-5 years found to have clinically active trachoma, (3) continued annual mass azithromycin distributions to the entire community, or (4) cessation of treatment. The primary outcome was the community prevalence of ocular chlamydia infection among children aged 0-9 years at month 36. Laboratory personnel were masked to treatment allocation.

resultsThe prevalence of ocular chlamydia infection among children aged 0-9 years increased from 4.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], .9%-8.6%) at baseline to 8.7% (95% CI, 4.2%-13.9%) at month 36 in the age-targeted arm, and from 2.8% (95% CI, .8%-5.3%) at baseline to 6.3% (95% CI, 2.9%-10.6%) at month 36 in the household-targeted arm. After adjusting for baseline chlamydia prevalence, the 36-month prevalence of ocular chlamydia was 2.4 percentage points greater in the age-targeted group (95% CI, -4.8% to 9.6%; P = .50; prespecified primary analysis). No adverse events were reported.

conclusionsTargeting azithromycin treatment to preschool children was no different than targeting azithromycin to households with a child with clinically active trachoma. Neither approach reduced ocular chlamydia over the 3-year study. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT01202331.

Indexed as

AzithromycinTrachomaAnti-Bacterial AgentsChild, PreschoolChlamydia trachomatisHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMass Drug AdministrationPrevalenceAnti-Bacterial AgentsAzithromycinchlamydiaclinical trialmass drug administrationtrachoma

Identifiers

PMID37021692
PMCPMC10681647
OpenAlexW4362657162

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.