Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37020692›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of nanomedicine2023

Nose to Brain Delivery of Astaxanthin-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers in Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease: Preparation, in vitro and in vivo Evaluation.

Mustafa K Shehata, Assem A Ismail, Maher A Kamel

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of nanomedicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed
6.3field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.

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  13. Idebenone: Clinical Potential Beyond Neurological Diseases.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Mustafa K ShehataDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.ORCID 0000-0001-7238-9017
Assem A IsmailDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
Maher A KamelDepartment of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.ORCID 0000-0002-6791-9850
Alexandria University · EG

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Astaxanthin (AST) is a second-generation antioxidant with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties and could be a promising candidate for Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapy, but is shows poor oral bioavailability due to its high lipophilicity. Purpose: This study aimed to prepare and evaluate AST-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), for enhanced nose-to-brain drug delivery to improve its therapeutic efficacy in rat model of AD. Methods: AST-NLCs were prepared using hot high-pressure homogenization technique, and processing parameters such as total lipid-to-drug ratio, solid lipid-to-liquid lipid ratio, and concentration of surfactant were optimized. Results: The optimized AST-NLCs had a mean particle size of 142.8 ± 5.02 nm, polydispersity index of 0.247 ± 0.016, zeta potential of -32.2 ± 7.88 mV, entrapment efficiency of 94.1 ± 2.46%, drug loading of 23.5 ± 1.48%, and spherical morphology as revealed by transmission electron microscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that AST was molecularly dispersed in the NLC matrix in an amorphous state, whereas Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that there is no interaction between AST and lipids. AST displayed a biphasic release pattern from NLCs; an initial burst release followed by sustained release for 24 h. AST-NLCs were stable at 4-8 ±2°C for six months. Intranasal treatment of AD-like rats with the optimized AST-NLCs significantly decreased oxidative stress, amyloidogenic pathway, neuroinflammation and apoptosis, and significantly improved the cholinergic neurotransmission compared to AST-solution. This was observed by the significant decline in the levels of malondialdehyde, nuclear factor-kappa B, amyloid beta (Aβ Conclusion: NLCs enhanced the intranasal delivery of AST and significantly improved its therapeutic properties.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseNanostructuresAcetylcholinesteraseAmyloid beta-PeptidesAnimalsBrainDrug CarriersLipidsParticle SizeRatsXanthophyllsAcetylcholinesteraseAmyloid beta-PeptidesastaxanthineDrug CarriersLipidsXanthophyllsAlzheimer’s diseaseastaxanthinnanostructured lipid carriersnose-to-brain delivery

Identifiers

PMID37020692
PMCPMC10069509
OpenAlexW4361303392

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.