ArticleFrontiers in immunology2023
Protection from COVID-19 disease in hamsters vaccinated with subunit SARS-CoV-2 S1 mucosal vaccines adjuvanted with different adjuvants.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances and prospects of respiratory mucosal vaccines: mechanisms, technologies, and clinical applications.NPJ vaccines · 2025Review
- Adjuvanted subunit intranasal vaccine reduces SARS-CoV-2 onward transmission in hamsters.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 mucosal vaccine protects against clinical disease with sex bias in efficacy.Vaccine · 2024Article
- The immunobiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccine responses: potential influences of cross-reactive memory responses and aging on efficacy and off-target effects.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Sex-biased immunogenicity of a mucosal subunit vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Introduction: Adjuvant plays an important role in directing the immune responses induced by vaccines. In previous studies, we have shown that a mucosal SARS-CoV-2 S1 subunit vaccine adjuvanted with a combination of CpG, Poly I:C and IL-15 (named CP15) induced effective mucosal and systemic immunity and conferred nearly sterile protection against SARS-CoV-2 viral replication in macaque models. Methods: In this study, we used a hamster model, which mimics the human scenario and reliably exhibits severe SARS-CoV-2 disease similar to hospitalized patients, to investigate the protection efficacy of the vaccines against COVID-19 disease. We compared the weight loss, viral loads (VLs), and clinical observation scores of three different vaccine regimens. All three regimens consisted of priming/boosting with S1 subunit vaccines, but adjuvanted with alum and/or CP15 administrated by either intramuscular (IM) or intranasal (IN) routes: Group 1 was adjuvanted with alum/alum administrated IM/IM; Group 2 was alum-IM/CP15-IN; and Group 3 was CP15-IM/CP15-IN. Results: After challenge with SARS-CoV-2 WA strain, we found that the alum/CP15 group showed best protection against weight loss, while the CP15 group demonstrated best reduction of oral SARS-CoV-2 VLs, suggesting that the protection profiles were different. Sex differences for VL and clinical scores were observed. Humoral immunity was induced but not correlated with protection. Moreover, S1-specific binding antibody titers against beta, omicron BA.1, and BA.2 variants showed 2.6-, 4.9- and 2.8- fold reduction, respectively, compared to the Wuhan strain. Discussion: Overall, the data suggested that adjuvants in subunit vaccines determine the protection profiles after SARS-CoV-2 infection and that nasal/oral mucosal immunization can protect against systemic COVID-19 disease.
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