ArticlePNAS nexus2023
Diversity beyond density: Experienced social mixing of urban streets.
Article in PNAS nexus, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- The pivotal role of the food service industry in alleviating urban segregation and boosting city vitality.PNAS nexus · 2026Article
- Time-space dynamics of income segregation in the city of Milan.PNAS nexus · 2025Article
- Using human mobility data to quantify experienced urban inequalities.Nature human behaviour · 2025Review
- Urban highways are barriers to social ties.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- An empirical study on smart city construction to enhance residents' participation in physical activity.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The Universal Neighborhood Effect Averaging in Mobility-Dependent Environmental Exposures.Environmental science & technology · 2024Article
- How people are exposed to neighborhoods racially different from their own.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Home-to-school pedestrian mobility GPS data from a citizen science experiment in the Barcelona area.Scientific data · 2023Article
- Crime, inequality and public health: a survey of emerging trends in urban data science.Frontiers in big data · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Urban density, in the form of residents' and visitors' concentration, is long considered to foster diverse exchanges of interpersonal knowledge and skills, which are intrinsic to sustainable human settlements. However, with current urban studies primarily devoted to city- and district-level analyses, we cannot unveil the elemental connection between urban density and diversity. Here we use an anonymized and privacy-enhanced mobile dataset of 0.5 million opted-in users from three metropolitan areas in the United States to show that at the scale of urban streets, density is not the only path to diversity. We represent the diversity of each street with the experienced social mixing (ESM), which describes the chances of people meeting diverse income groups throughout their daily experience. We conduct multiple experiments and show that the concentration of visitors only explains 26% of street-level ESM. However, adjacent amenities, residential diversity, and income level account for 44% of the ESM. Moreover, using longitudinal business data, we show that streets with an increased number of food businesses have seen an increased ESM from 2016 to 2018. Lastly, although streets with more visitors are more likely to have crime, diverse streets tend to have fewer crimes. These findings suggest that cities can leverage many tools beyond density to curate a diverse and safe street experience for people.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.