ReviewCureus2023
The Sigma Enigma: A Narrative Review of Sigma Receptors.
Review in Cureus, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Targeting Sigma-1 and Sigma-2 Receptors in Neuropathic Pain: Pharmacology, Ligand Development, and Translational Progress.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Neuroprotective Effects of Two N-Benzylamides in Models of Oxidative Stress, Neurite Outgrowth and Neurodegeneration.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2026Article
- Could R-Ketamine and Wolfram Syndrome Inform Understanding of Depression and Suicidality? A Sigma-1 Receptor-Based Perspective.Human psychopharmacology · 2025Review
- Choline-An Essential Nutrient with Health Benefits and a Signaling Molecule.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Nano-drug delivery strategies affecting cancer-associated fibroblasts to reduce tumor metastasis.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- Sigma 1 Receptor and Its Pivotal Role in Neurological Disorders.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2025Review
- Kratom: A Narrative Review of the Possible Clinical Uses and Dangers of This Opioid-Like Plant.Cureus · 2024Review
- Review
- Pharmacological Treatments for Methamphetamine Use Disorder: Current Status and Future Targets.Substance abuse and rehabilitation · 2024Review
- 3,3-Disubstituted 3,4-Dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazines: Chemistry, Biological Activity, and Affinity to Sigma Receptors.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Sigma Receptors: Novel Regulators of Iron/Heme Homeostasis and Ferroptosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- What's New in Neuropathy?Cureus · 2023Review
- Answering Big Questions in Pain Medicine.Cureus · 2023Review
- Review
- Targeting CaN/NFAT in Alzheimer's brain degeneration.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The sigma-1 and sigma-2 receptors were first discovered in the 1960s and were thought to be a form of opioid receptors initially. Over time, more was gradually learned about these receptors, which are actually protein chaperones, and many of their unique or unusual properties can contribute to a range of important new therapeutic applications. These sigma receptors translocate in the body and regulate calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial bioenergetics and they also have neuroprotective effects. The ligands to which these sigma receptors respond are several and dissimilar, including neurosteroids, neuroleptics, and cocaine. There is controversy as to their endogenous ligands. Sigma receptors are also involved in the complex processes of cholesterol homeostasis and protein folding. While previous work on this topic has been limited, research has been conducted in multiple disease states, such as addiction, aging. Alzheimer's disease, cancer, psychiatric disorders, pain and neuropathic pain, Parkinson's disease, and others. There is currently increasing interest in sigma-1 and sigma-2 receptors as they provide potential therapeutic targets for many disease indications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.