ArticleBMC musculoskeletal disorders2023
Short and long-term predictors of pain severity and interference in primary care patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain and depression.
Article in BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02605278 (Assessment of a Multicomponent Program for the Integrated Management of Chronic Pain and Depression in Primary Care. Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial), which is not on this map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Assessment of a Multicomponent Program for the Integrated Management of Chronic Pain and Depression in Primary Care. Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chronic pain in mental disorders: An umbrella review of the prevalence, risk factors, and treatments across 957,168 people with mental disorders and 16,606,910 controls.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Pooled it
- Incidence and sociodemographic characteristics of coexisting function-limiting musculoskeletal problems and psychological distress among university students in Sweden: The SUN cohort study.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Grit and Chronic Pain: Associations with Distress, Catastrophizing, Interference, and Control.Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings · 2025Article
- The Mediating Role of Psychological Flexibility and Inflexibility Between Impulsivity and Opioid Misuse in People With Chronic Noncancer Pain.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChronic pain and depression are frequent comorbidities in primary care. Depression among other psychosocial factors play a role in the clinical course of chronic pain.
objectiveTo study the short and long-term predictive factors of severity and interference of chronic pain in primary care patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain and major depression.
methodsLongitudinal study of a cohort of 317 patients. The outcomes are severity and functional interference of pain (Brief Pain Inventory) measured at 3 and 12 months. We performed multivariate linear regression models to estimate the effects the explanatory baseline variables on the outcomes.
results83% participants were women; average age was 60.3 years (SD = 10.2). In multivariate models, baseline pain severity predicted pain severity at 3 months (β = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.37-0.68) and at 12 months (β = 0.48; 95% CI = 0.29-0.67). Also, pain > 2 years of evolution predicted long term pain severity (β = 0.91; CI95%=0.11-1.71). Baseline pain interference predicted interference at 3 and 12 months (β = 0.27; 95%CI = 0.11-0.43 and β = 0.21; 95%CI = 0.03-0.40, respectively). Baseline pain severity predicted interference at 3 and 12 months (β = 0.26; 95%CI = 0.10-0.42 and β = 0.20; 95%CI = 0.02-0.39, respectively). Pain > 2 years predicted greater severity and greater interference at 12 months (β = 0.91; CI95%=0.11-1.71, and β = 1.23; CI95%=0.41-2.04). Depression severity predicted more interference at 12 months (β = 0.58; CI95%=0.04-1.11). Occupational status as active worker predicted less interference throughout the follow-up (β=-0.74; CI95%=-1.36 to -0.13 and β=-0.96; CI95%=-1.71 to -0.21, at 3 and 12 months). Currently working also predicts less pain severity at 12 months (β=-0.77; CI95%=1.52 - 0.02). With regard to the psychological variables, pain catastrophizing predicted pain severity and interference at three months (β = 0.03; 95% CI = 0.00-0.05 and β = 0.03; 95% CI = 0.00-0.05), but not at long term.
conclusionIn a sample of adults with chronic pain and depression, this primary care study has identified prognostic factors that independently predict the severity and functional interference of pain. If confirmed in new studies, these factors should be targeted for individualized interventions.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02605278), registered 16/11/2015.
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