ReviewJournal of translational medicine2023
Optimal timing and sequence of combining stereotactic radiosurgery with immune checkpoint inhibitors in treating brain metastases: clinical evidence and mechanistic basis.
Review in Journal of translational medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Radiotherapy plus immune checkpoint inhibitors versus immune checkpoint inhibitors alone for non-small cell lung cancer with bone metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative cohort studies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors for brain metastases of non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Concurrent Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Multiple Brain Metastases in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer - A Multi-Center Retrospective Analysis.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Systemic inflammatory indices as accessible biomarkers for intracranial outcome and prognosis in driver gene-negative NSCLC with brain metastases treated with first-line chemoimmunotherapy.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Review
- Crosstalk in the brain tumor microenvironment: mechanisms, therapeutic strategies, and clinical advances.Military Medical Research · 2026Review
- Salvage definitive or hypofractionated radiotherapy for oligometastatic recurrence after durvalumab consolidation in limited-stage small-cell lung cancer: a two-case report.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Efficacy and toxicity of stereotactic radiotherapy combined with third-generation EGFR-TKIs and immunotherapy in patients with brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer.Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al] · 2025Article
- The Efficacy and Safety of Brain Radiotherapy Combined With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) for Small-Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) Patients With Brain Metastases (BMs).Thoracic cancer · 2025Article
- Targeting DNA Damage Repair to Enhance Antitumor Immunity in Radiotherapy: Mechanisms and Opportunities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- A retrospective study of radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy for patients with baseline brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Review
- The Optimal Radiotherapy Strategy for Patients With Small Cell Lung Cancer and Brain Metastasis: A Retrospective Analysis.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Article
- The Role of Radiotherapy in the Management of Vaginal Melanoma: A Literature Review with a Focus on the Potential Synergistic Role of Immunotherapy.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recent evidence has shown that immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are efficacious for treating brain metastases of various primary tumors. However, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or blood-tumor barrier (BTB) essentially restrict the efficacy of ICIs. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) can be a powerful ally to ICIs due to its trait of disrupting the BBB/BTB and increasing the immunogenicity of brain metastases. The combination of SRS + ICI has shown synergy in brain metastases in several retrospective studies. Nevertheless, the optimal schedule for the combination of SRS and ICI in brain metastases is yet to be determined. In this review, we summarized the current clinical and preclinical evidence on the timing and sequence of SRS + ICI to provide insight into the current state of knowledge about this important area in patient care.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.