ReviewNature reviews. Microbiology2023
The evolution of SARS-CoV-2.
Review in Nature reviews. Microbiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 711 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
711 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells in COVID-19: a meta-analysis of clinical trials conducted since the pandemic onset.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Pooled it
- Association between stress hyperglycemia ratio and prognosis of patients hospitalized with COVID-19: A meta-analysis.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2026Pooled it
- Cell-Mediated Immunity of mRNA-1283 Vaccine Encoding SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding and N-Terminal Domains in Preclinical and Clinical Studies.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- Ibuzatrelvir potently reduced viral RNA levels despite a high rate of anti-S seropositivity: a post hoc analysis of serology of the phase 2b study.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Article
- Molecular characterization and pathogenicity of a novel Chinese porcine deltacoronavirus strain CH/HLJ/20 isolated from diarrheic piglets.Virulence · 2026Article
- Recommendations for the analysis of leading indicators in epidemic surveillance.PLOS digital health · 2026Review
- Targeting of conserved spike epitopes enables broad antibody neutralisation of diverse bat sarbecoviruses.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- An IgG-like fusion protein comprising an anti-spike S2 antibody and ACE2 exhibits potent and broad neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern.Antibody therapeutics · 2026Article
- Raman Analysis of RNA Nucleotide Strands From SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Subvariants: A Step Forward in the Definition of "Raman Genome".Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- From sequences to strategies: Early detection of new SARS-CoV-2 variants via genetic distance to reduce hospitalizations.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 intra-host variation shows evidence of transmission and convergent evolution in a university surveillance cohort.Microbial genomics · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant-specific ORF3a mutations destabilize lysosomal homeostasis to trigger lysosomal damage-mediated cell death.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Investigating the Binding Mode of a Naphthol-Based Inhibitor Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease.ChemMedChem · 2026Article
- Hospital Readmissions in Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome: A Retrospective Study in Northeastern Brazil.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Nicotine and cotinine enhance SARS-CoV-2 entry through distinct but complementary mechanisms in human respiratory epithelial cells.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- From sites to structure to serology: a roadmap for structure-aware molecular evolution of antigenically evolving viruses.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Functional and structural basis of Omicron BA.3.2.1 spike.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Involvement of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Methamphetamine Augmentation of SARS-CoV-2 N-Protein-Induced Neuroinflammation in Rat Microglial Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Dose-dependent effects of recombinant spike protein-based vaccination on SARS-CoV-2 evolutionary dynamics and the emergence of variants in hamster models.The Journal of general virology · 2026Article
651 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused millions of deaths and substantial morbidity worldwide. Intense scientific effort to understand the biology of SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in daunting numbers of genomic sequences. We witnessed evolutionary events that could mostly be inferred indirectly before, such as the emergence of variants with distinct phenotypes, for example transmissibility, severity and immune evasion. This Review explores the mechanisms that generate genetic variation in SARS-CoV-2, underlying the within-host and population-level processes that underpin these events. We examine the selective forces that likely drove the evolution of higher transmissibility and, in some cases, higher severity during the first year of the pandemic and the role of antigenic evolution during the second and third years, together with the implications of immune escape and reinfections, and the increasing evidence for and potential relevance of recombination. In order to understand how major lineages, such as variants of concern (VOCs), are generated, we contrast the evidence for the chronic infection model underlying the emergence of VOCs with the possibility of an animal reservoir playing a role in SARS-CoV-2 evolution, and conclude that the former is more likely. We evaluate uncertainties and outline scenarios for the possible future evolutionary trajectories of SARS-CoV-2.
Indexed as
Identifiers
37020110What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.