ReviewInflammopharmacology2023
Fatigue, sleepiness and sleep quality are SARS-CoV-2 variant independent in patients with long COVID symptoms.
Review in Inflammopharmacology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Psychological and Cognitive Sequelae of COVID-19: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing · 2026Pooled it
- Article
- A narrative review of SARS-CoV-2 variants and long COVID.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Review
- A public health perspective of SARS-CoV-2 evolution and surveillance strategies in Germany from 2020 to 2023.Communications medicine · 2025Review
- A Multidimensional Assessment of Sleep Disorders in Long COVID Using the Alliance Sleep Questionnaire.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Impact of Poor Sleep Quality on Task Switching and Reconfiguration Process Among University Students.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Vitamin D and Colorectal Cancer Prevention: Immunological Mechanisms, Inflammatory Pathways, and Nutritional Implications.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Prospective cohort study of fatigue before and after SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Netherlands.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Long COVID has variable incidence and clinical presentations: our 6-country collaborative study.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Article
- Real-world evidence of remdesivir in formerly hospitalized COVID-19 patients: patient-reported and functional outcomes.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Sleep quality and efficiency in adults with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2025Article
- Article
- Defining and measuring long COVID fatigue: a scoping review.BMJ open · 2024Article
- Observational
- A Blood Supply Pathophysiological Microcirculatory Mechanism for Long COVID.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Health outcomes of COVID-19 patients from Wuhan, China 3-year after hospital discharge: a cohort study.BMJ open · 2024Observational
- Trajectories of mental health outcomes following COVID-19 infection: a prospective longitudinal study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Cortical GABA Levels Are Reduced in Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Parents' Perceptions of Changes in Sleep Duration, Physical Activity, and Sedentary Behavior in Arab Israeli Children during the COVID-19 Outbreak.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Acute infections with SARS-CoV-2 variants of concerns (VOCs) differ in clinical presentation. Discrepancies in their long-term sequelae, commonly referred to as long COVID, however, remain to be explored. We retrospectively analyzed data of 287 patients presented at the post-COVID care of the Pulmonology Department, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary, and infected with SARS-CoV-2 during a period of 3 major epidemic waves in Hungary (February-July 2021, VOC: B.1.1.7, Alpha, N = 135; August-December 2021, VOC: B.1.617.2, Delta, N = 89; and January-June 2022, VOC: B.1.1.529, Omicron; N = 63), > 4 weeks after acute COVID-19. Overall, the ratio of long COVID symptomatic (LC) and asymptomatic (NS) patients was 2:1. Self-reported questionnaires on fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale, FSS), sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale, ESS) and sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI) showed higher scores for LC (4.79 ± 0.12, 7.45 ± 0.33 and 7.46 ± 0.27, respectively) than NS patients (2.85 ± 0.16, 5.23 ± 0.32 and 4.26 ± 0.29, respectively; p < 0.05 for all vs. LC). By comparing data of the three waves, mean FSS and PSQI scores of LC patients, but not ESS scores, exceeded the normal range in all, with no significant inter-wave differences. Considering FSS ≥ 4 and PSQI > 5 cutoff values, LC patients commonly exhibited problematic fatigue (≥ 70%) and poor sleep quality (> 60%) in all three waves. Comparative analysis of PSQI component scores of LC patients identified no significant differences between the three waves. Our findings highlight the importance of concerted efforts to manage both fatigue and sleep disturbances in long COVID patient care. This multifaceted approach should be followed in all cases infected with either VOCs of SARS-CoV-2.
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