SynthesisEuropean respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society2023
Noninvasive respiratory support after extubation: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Synthesis in European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- The efficacy of high-flow nasal cannula versus non-invasive mechanical ventilation in preventing reintubation in patients at high risk of extubation failure: systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis.Critical care science · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of non-invasive respiratory support in post-operative patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2024Pooled it
- Physiological Effects of High-Flow Nasal Oxygen Compared With Conventional Oxygen Therapy: A Randomized Trial in Postextubation Patients.Critical care medicine · 2026Trial
- Review
- Rehabilitating the diaphragm: an integrated approach to intensive care unit-acquired dysfunction in critical illness-a narrative review.Acute and critical care · 2026Article
- The SIS NET ICU study: characteristics of patients with severe community acquired pneumonia admitted to Italian ICUs-a multicenter prospective observational study.Journal of anesthesia, analgesia and critical care · 2026Article
- Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Non-Invasive Ventilation Following Unplanned Extubation in the Elderly ICU Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Clinical interventions in aging · 2026Article
- A clinical guide to non-invasive respiratory support in acute respiratory failure: ventilation settings, technical optimization and clinical indications.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Review
- Article
- Bridging the Gap: The Role of Non-Invasive Respiratory Supports in Weaning from Invasive Mechanical Ventilation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Self-extubation in critically ill patients: from the French OUTCOMEREA Network.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Article
- High-Flow Nasal Cannula Application After Extubation in Acute Respiratory Failure Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Reply letter on "Physiological effects of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy after extubation: a randomized crossover study".Annals of intensive care · 2024Article
- Noninvasive respiratory support in the perioperative setting: a narrative review.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Review
- Lung Ultrasound Score as a Predictor of Failure to Wean COVID-19 Elderly Patients off Mechanical Ventilation: A Prospective Observational Study.Clinical interventions in aging · 2024Observational
- Extubation failure and the use of noninvasive ventilation during the weaning process in critically ill COVID-19 patients.Critical care scienceObservational
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe effect of noninvasive respiratory support (NRS), including high-flow nasal oxygen, bi-level positive airway pressure and continuous positive airway pressure (noninvasive ventilation (NIV)), for preventing and treating post-extubation respiratory failure is still unclear. Our objective was to assess the effects of NRS on post-extubation respiratory failure, defined as re-intubation secondary to post-extubation respiratory failure (primary outcome). Secondary outcomes included the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), discomfort, intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital mortality, ICU and hospital length of stay (LOS), and time to re-intubation. Subgroup analyses considered "prophylactic"
methodsWe undertook a systematic review and network meta-analysis (Research Registry: reviewregistry1435). PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, Scopus and Web of Science were searched (from inception until 22 June 2022). Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the use of NRS after extubation in ICU adult patients were included.
results32 RCTs entered the quantitative analysis (5063 patients). Compared with conventional oxygen therapy, NRS overall reduced re-intubations and VAP (moderate certainty). NIV decreased hospital mortality (moderate certainty), and hospital and ICU LOS (low and very low certainty, respectively), and increased discomfort (moderate certainty). Prophylactic NRS did not prevent extubation failure in low-risk or hypoxaemic patients.
conclusionProphylactic NRS may reduce the rate of post-extubation respiratory failure in ICU patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.