ReviewBiomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie2023
Paxlovid (Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir): A new approach to Covid-19 therapy?
Review in Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 157 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of MN-166 (ibudilast) on acute respiratory failure prevention in hospitalized participants with COVID-19: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Trial
- Identification of spiropyrrolidinoxindoles as SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitor hits from virtual screening.Journal of computer-aided molecular design · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease interaction with host factors - identifying novel drug targets.Archives of virology · 2026Review
- Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Non-Structural Proteins: A Blueprint for Next-Generation Small-Molecule Coronavirus Antivirals.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- An inactive Zika NS2B-NS3pro protease construct for investigating allosteric inhibitors.Journal of structural biology · 2026Article
- Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug Interaction of Leritrelvir in Healthy Chinese Volunteers: A Single-Arm, Open-Label, Dual-Cohort Study.Clinical drug investigation · 2026Article
- Impact of Early COVID-19 Antiviral Therapy on the Incidence of Uveitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using the TriNetX Database.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Observational
- A new approach to discovering a broad-spectrum anti-respiratory virus drug: Tubeimoside II modulates host factor PACT to potentiate the RIG-I antiviral pathway.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Article
- Pandemic-driven immune imprinting accelerates evolution of human coronavirus OC43.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- An Emerging Global Threat After The COVID-19 Pandemic: Monkeypox Similarities and Differences.Polish journal of microbiology · 2026Review
- A narrative review of SARS-CoV-2 variants and long COVID.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Review
- Targeting coronaviral inflammation: aptamer-based strategies for emerging threats.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- Bioactive galloylquinic acids from Copaifera lucens as dual inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Spike and RdRp proteins.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Based a machine learning approach to investigate the factors influencing nirmatrelvir/ritonavir exposure in human plasma: a multicenter, observational study.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Observational
- Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Efficacy in Immunocompetent Patients with Confirmed Omicron Variant of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of research in pharmacy practice · 2026Review
- Cardiovascular Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients Treated with Paxlovid: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.Acta Cardiologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Targeting Host Dependency Factors: A Paradigm Shift in Antiviral Strategy Against RNA Viruses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- β-Glucan in antiviral defense: mechanisms, immune modulation, and therapeutic prospects.Folia microbiologica · 2025Review
- Opportunities for machine learning and artificial intelligence in physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2025Review
- Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite the need for novel, effective therapeutics for the COVID-19 pandemic, no curative regimen is yet available, therefore patients are forced to rely on supportive and nonspecific therapies. Some SARS-CoV-2 proteins, like the 3 C-like protease (3CLpro) or the major protease (Mpro), have been identified as promising targets for antiviral drugs. The Mpro has major a role in protein processing as well as pathogenesis of the virus, and could be a useful therapeutic target. The antiviral drug nirmatrelvir can keep SARS-CoV-2 from replicating through inhibiting Mpro. Nirmatrelvir was combined with another HIV protease inhibitor, ritonavir, to create Paxlovid (Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir). The metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P450 3 A is inhibited by ritonavir to lengthen the half-life of nirmatrelvir, so rintonavir acts as a pharmacological enhancer. Nirmatrelvir exhibits potent antiviral activity against current coronavirus variants, despite significant alterations in the SARS-CoV-2 viral genome. Nevertheless, there are still several unanswered questions. This review summarizes the current literature on nirmatrelvir and ritonavir efficacy in treating SARS-CoV-2 infection, and also their safety and possible side effects.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.