ReviewJournal of endocrinological investigation2023
Effects of very low-calorie ketogenic diet on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
Review in Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Low-carbohydrate diets reduce cardiovascular risk factor levels in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- The effect of the ketogenic diet on resistance training load management: a repeated-measures clinical trial in trained participants.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2024Trial
- The ketogenic diet is not for everyone: contraindications, side effects, and drug interactions.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Traditional Health Practices May Promote Nrf2 Activation Similar to Exercise.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- "Feeding the Rhythm"-Effects of Food and Nutrients on Daily Cortisol Secretion: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Impact.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Ramipril and ketogenic diet response in cognitive dysfunction of insulin-resistant rats.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Weight loss, changes in body composition and inflammatory status after a very low-energy ketogenic therapy (VLEKT): does gender matter?Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
- Nifedipine Improves the Ketogenic Diet Effect on Insulin-Resistance-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction in Rats.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The Correlation between Depression during Pregnancy and Metabolic Syndrome.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2024Article
- Obesity and Obesity-Related Thyroid Dysfunction: Any Potential Role for the Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet (VLCKD)?Current nutrition reports · 2024Review
- Obesity, Dietary Patterns, and Hormonal Balance Modulation: Gender-Specific Impacts.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Ketogenic nutritional therapy (KeNuT)-a multi-step dietary model with meal replacements for the management of obesity and its related metabolic disorders: a consensus statement from the working group of the Club of the Italian Society of Endocrinology (SIE)-diet therapies in endocrinology and metabolism.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2024Article
- The Ketogenic Diet and Cardiovascular Diseases.Nutrients · 2023Review
- The Effects of Ketogenic Diet on Insulin Sensitivity and Weight Loss, Which Came First: The Chicken or the Egg?Nutrients · 2023Review
- Editorial: Epilepsy and endocrine function.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a neuroendocrine system involved in controlling stress responses in humans under physiological and pathological conditions; cortisol is the main hormone produced by the HPA axis. It is known that calorie restriction acts as a stressor and can lead to an increase in cortisol production. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a complex endocrine network regulating blood pressure and hydrosaline metabolism, whose final hormonal effector is aldosterone. RAAS activation is linked to cardiometabolic diseases, such as heart failure and obesity. Obesity has become a leading worldwide pandemic, associated with serious health outcomes. Calorie restriction represents a pivotal strategy to tackle obesity. On the other hand, it is well known that an increased activity of the HPA may favour visceral adipose tissue expansion, which may jeopardize a successful diet-induced weight loss. Very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) is a normoprotein diet with a drastic reduction of the carbohydrate content and total calorie intake. Thanks to its sustained protein content, VLCKD is extremely effective to reduce adipose tissue while preserving lean body mass and resting metabolic rate. PURPOSE: The purpose of this narrative review is to gain more insights on the effects of VLCKD on the HPA axis and RAAS, in different phases of weight loss and in different clinical settings.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.