Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37017759›Full record

ReviewClinical oral investigations2023

Three-dimensional (3D) printing in dental practice: Applications, areas of interest, and level of evidence.

Abdulrahman A Balhaddad, Isadora Martini Garcia, Lamia Mokeem, Rashed Alsahafi, Ahmad Majeed-Saidan, Hathal H Albagami, Abdul Samad Khan, Shakil Ahmad, Fabricio Mezzomo Collares, Alvaro Della Bona and 1 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Clinical oral investigations, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
41citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Optical stability of 3D-printed and milled zirconia after artificial aging and immersion in liquids: An in vitro study.Journal of prosthodontics : official journal of the American College of Prosthodontists · 2026
    Article
  10. Advances in 3D Printing for Removable Prosthetics-Insights and Perspectives.Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry : official publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [et al.] · 2026
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. 3D Printing in Dental Education: A Scoping Review.Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre · 2026
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Abdulrahman A BalhaddadDepartment of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O.Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia. abalhaddad@iau.edu.sa.
Isadora Martini GarciaClinical Assistant Professor, Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
Lamia MokeemPh.D. Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Rashed AlsahafiDepartment of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 24381, Saudi Arabia.
Ahmad Majeed-SaidanDivision of Prosthodontics, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
Hathal H AlbagamiDepartment of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Medina, 42353, Saudi Arabia.
Abdul Samad KhanDepartment of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O.Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia.
Shakil AhmadDirectorate of Library Affairs, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Fabricio Mezzomo CollaresDepartment of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Alvaro Della BonaPostgraduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil.
Mary Anne S MeloPh.D. Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. mmelo@umaryland.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThe aim of this review to overview three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies available for different dental disciplines, considering the applicability of such technologies and materials development. MATERIALS AND

methodsSource Arksey and O'Malley's five stages framework using PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus (Elsevier) databases managed this review. Papers focusing on 3D printing in dentistry and written in English were screened. Scientific productivity by the number of publications, areas of interest, and the focus of the investigations in each dental discipline were extracted.

resultsNine hundred thirty-four studies using 3D printing in dentistry were assessed. Limited clinical trials were observed, especially in Restorative, endodontics, and pediatric dentistry. Laboratory or animal studies are not reliable for clinical success, suggesting that clinical trials are a good approach to validate the new methods' outcomes and ensure that the benefits outweigh the risk. The most common application for 3D printing technologies is to facilitate conventional dental procedures.

conclusionsThe constantly improving quality of 3D printing applications has contributed to increasing the popularity of these technologies in dentistry; however, long-term clinical studies are necessary to assist in defining standards and endorsing the safe application of 3D printing in dental practice. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The recent progress in 3D materials has improved dental practice capabilities over the last decade. Understanding the current status of 3D printing in dentistry is essential to facilitate translating its applications from laboratory to the clinical setting.

Indexed as

EndodonticsPrinting, Three-DimensionalDental CareHumansPediatric DentistryAdditive ManufacturingbioprintingFused Deposition Modelingpolyjet printingSelective Laser SinteringStereolithography

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.