Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37016197›Full record

ArticleInternational urology and nephrology2023

Storing urine samples with moisture preserves urine hydration marker stability up to 21 days.

Nigel C Jiwan, Casey R Appell, Marcos S Keefe, Ryan A Dunn, Hui-Ying Luk, Yasuki Sekiguchi

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in International urology and nephrology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Nigel C JiwanApplied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, 3204 Main St., Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA. njiwan@ttu.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3583-7615
Casey R AppellApplied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, 3204 Main St., Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
Marcos S KeefeSports Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
Ryan A DunnSports Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
Hui-Ying LukApplied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, 3204 Main St., Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
Yasuki SekiguchiSports Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionTo assess hydration status, hydration markers [urine color, osmolality, and urine-specific gravity (USG)] are used. Urine color, osmolality, and USG have shown to be stable for 7, 7, and 3 days, respectively, at 4 °C. However, refrigeration could produce a dry environment which enhances evaporation and potentially affects urine hydration markers. PURPOSE: To examine the effect of duration and moisture on urine markers with refrigeration.

methods24 participants provided urine samples between 9 and 10 AM. Urine color, osmolality, and USG were analyzed within 2 h (baseline). Then, each urine sample was divided into two urine cups and placed in a storage container with (moisture condition) and without (no moisture condition) water bath at 3 °C. Hydration markers were analyzed at day 1(D1), D2, D7, D10, D14, and D21. A two-way ANOVA (time x condition) and repeated-measures ANOVA on time were performed to examine differences.

resultsNo significant (p > 0.05) condition x time effect was observed for urine color (p = 0.363), urine osmolality (p = 0.358), and USG (p = 0.248). When urine samples were stored in moisture condition, urine color (p = 0.126) and osmolality (p = 0.053) were stable until D21, while USG was stable until D2 (p = 0.394).

conclusionWhen assessing hydration status, it appears that the urine color and osmolality were stable for 21 days, while USG was stable for 2 days when stored with moisture at 3 °C. Our results provide guidelines for practitioners regarding urine storage duration and conditions when urine cannot be analyzed immediately.

Indexed as

DehydrationUrinalysisAnalysis of VarianceHumansOsmolar ConcentrationSpecific GravityUrineUrine colorUrine osmolalityUrine specific gravityUrine stability

Identifiers

PMID37016197

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.