ReviewInnere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany)2023
[Sex in infectious diseases-How sex differences influence the immune response to infections].
Review in Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex differences in surgical treatment of pleural empyema: an exploratory retrospective comparison of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and thoracotomy.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2025Article
- Prognostic Indicators of Carbapenem-ResistantHealth science reports · 2025Review
- Association between statin administration andFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Epidemiologic characteristics of immunoglobulin M antibodies in lower respiratory tract infection pathogens of children: association with severe pneumonia in Chengdu city from 2019 to 2023.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
- Infectious Diseases and Secondary Antibody Deficiency in Patients from a Mesoregion of São Paulo State, Brazil.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Complexity of patients with or without infectious disease consultation in tertiary-care hospitals in Germany.Infection · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The humoral and cellular immune responses to antigen stimulation, vaccinations and infections differ between women and men. Genetic, epigenetic and hormonal factors contribute to the sex-specific immunity. The expression of genes on the X‑chromosome and the effect of sex hormones substantially influence the immune defence against infections. Females show stronger cellular and humoral immune responses to infections than males, but the enhanced immune response often leads to aberrant inflammatory reactions and autoimmune diseases. Men are principally more prone to bacterial, viral and fungal infections and more often show severe disease courses. In contrast, a more reactive female immune system results in significantly more adverse reactions to vaccinations. In order to be able to better identify the multiple sex-specific that have an influence on the immune system, sex-specific differences should be investigated in a differentiated way. The better understanding of the sex-specific differences in the immune response will have a long-term influence on the prevention, diagnostics and treatment of infectious diseases, and will ultimately contribute to improving healthcare of both women and men.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.