ArticleCMAJ open
Canadian SARS-CoV-2 serological survey using antenatal serum samples: a retrospective seroprevalence study.
Abstract read
In one paragraph
Article in CMAJ open. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- The impact of statistical adjustment for assay performance on inferences from SARS-CoV-2 serological surveillance studies.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Sociodemographic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 serosurveillance studies with diverse recruitment strategies, Canada, 2020 to 2023.BMC public health · 2025Article
- A comparative analysis of COVID-19 seroprevalence rates, observed infection rates, and infection-related mortality.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Canada's approach to SARS-CoV-2 sero-surveillance: Lessons learned for routine surveillance and future pandemics.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Nova Scotia blood donors.Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada = Journal officiel de l'Association pour la microbiologie medicale et l'infectiologie Canada · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
30 authors.
Andrea AtkinsonDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL.
Arianne AlbertDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL.
Elisabeth McClymontDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL.
Janice AndradeDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL.
Lori BeachDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL.
Shelly BolotinDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL.
Isabelle BoucoiranDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL.
Jared BullardDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL.
Carmen CharltonDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL.
Joan CraneDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL.
Shelley DouganDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL.
Jean-Claude ForestDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL.
Greg J GermanDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL.
Yves GiguèreDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL.
Gabriel GirouardDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL.
Catherine HankinsDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL.
Mel KrajdenDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL.
Amanda LangDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL.
Paul LevettDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL.
Jessica MinionDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL.
Cory NeudorfDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL.
Vanessa PoliquinDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL.
Jason L RobinsonDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL.
Heather ScottDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL.
Derek R SteinDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL.
Vanessa TranDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL.
George ZahariadisDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL.
Hong Y ZhouDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL.
Deborah MoneyDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL deborah.money@ubc.ca.
Antenatal Serostudies Team
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInsufficient data on the rate and distribution of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Canada has presented a substantial challenge to the public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our objective was to assess SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in a representative sample of pregnant people throughout Canada, across multiple time points over 2 years of the pandemic, to describe the seroprevalence and show the ability of this process to provide prevalence estimates.
methodsThis Canadian retrospective serological surveillance study used existing serological prenatal samples across 10 provinces over multiple time periods: Feb. 3-21, 2020; Aug. 24-Sept. 11, 2020; Nov. 16-Dec. 4, 2020; Nov. 15-Dec. 3, 2021; and results from the province of British Columbia during a period in which the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant was predominant, from Nov. 15, 2021, to June 11, 2022. Age and postal code administrative data allowed for comparison with concurrent polymerase chain reactivity (PCR)-positive results collected by Statistics Canada and the Canadian Surveillance of COVID-19 in Pregnancy (CANCOVID-Preg) project.
resultsSeropositivity in antenatal serum as early as February 2020 indicates SARS-CoV-2 transmission before the World Health Organization's declaration of the pandemic. Seroprevalence in our sample of pregnant people was 1.84 to 8.90 times higher than the recorded concurrent PCR-positive prevalence recorded among females aged 20-49 years in November-December 2020. Overall seropositivity in our sample of pregnant people was low at the end of 2020, increasing to 15% in 1 province by the end of 2021. Seroprevalence among pregnant people in BC during the Omicron period increased from 5.8% to 43% from November 2021 to June 2022.
interpretationThese results indicate widespread vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 infection before vaccine availability in Canada. During the time periods sampled, public health tracking systems were under-reporting infections, and seroprevalence results during the Omicron period indicate extensive community spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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COVID-19SARS-CoV-2British ColumbiaFemaleHumansPandemicsPregnancyRetrospective StudiesSeroepidemiologic Studies
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