ArticleCanadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique2023
SARS-CoV-2 testing and COVID-19-related primary care use among people with citizenship, permanent residency, and temporary immigration status: an analysis of population-based administrative data in British Columbia.
Article in Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- All-cause and cause-specific hospitalization rates among temporary and permanent residents living in Canada: A linkage study.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2025Article
- Impact of immigration on outcomes following acute decompensated heart failure: A retrospective cohort study.ESC heart failure · 2025Article
- Social Contexts and Immigration Policies Directly Impact Immigrant Health.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- How immigration shapes health disadvantages and what healthcare organizations can do to deliver more equitable care.Healthcare management forum · 2025Article
- COVID-19 among migrants, refugees, and internally displaced persons: systematic review, meta-analysis and qualitative synthesis of the global empirical literature.EClinicalMedicine · 2024Article
- Respectful community engagement in health research with diverse im/migrant communities.BMJ open · 2023Review
- What can publicly funded schools teach us about how to fix the family doctor shortage?Healthcare management forum · 2023Article
- Migration and health research: past, present, and future.BMC public health · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesHaving temporary immigration status affords limited rights, workplace protections, and access to services. There is not yet research data on impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic for people with temporary immigration status in Canada.
methodsWe use linked administrative data to describe SARS-CoV-2 testing, positive tests, and COVID-19 primary care service use in British Columbia from January 1, 2020 to July 31, 2021, stratified by immigration status (citizen, permanent resident, temporary resident). We plot the rates of people tested and confirmed positive for COVID-19 by week from April 19, 2020 to July 31, 2021 across immigration groups. We use logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, access to testing, and primary care among people with temporary status or permanent residency, compared with people who hold citizenship.
resultsA total of 4,146,593 people with citizenship, 914,089 people with permanent residency, and 212,215 people with temporary status were included. Among people with temporary status, 52.1% had "male" administrative sex and 74.4% were ages 20-39, compared with 50.1% and 24.4% respectively among those with citizenship. Of people with temporary status, 4.9% tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 over this period, compared with 4.0% among people with permanent residency and 2.1% among people with citizenship. Adjusted odds of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test among people with temporary status were almost 50% higher (aOR 1.42, 95% CI 1.39, 1.45), despite having half the odds of access to testing (aOR 0.53, 95% CI 0.53, 0.54) and primary care (aOR 0.50, 95% CI 0.49, 0.52).
conclusionInterwoven immigration, health, and occupational policies place people with temporary status in circumstances of precarity and higher health risk. Reducing precarity accompanying temporary status, including regularization pathways, and decoupling access to health care from immigration status can address health inequities.
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