ArticleBMC complementary medicine and therapies2023
Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of selected Kenyan medicinal plant extract combinations against clinically important bacteria.
Article in BMC complementary medicine and therapies, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Phytosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles from Waste Kigelia africana Flowers: Characterization and Functional Applications.ChemistryOpen · 2026Article
- Phytochemical Analysis of Different Plant Organs of Bauhinia kockiana Korth. and Its Antibacterial Synergistic Interaction.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Phytochemical composition, in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Dorstenia barnimiana Schweinf leaf extracts.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2026Article
- Tropical Almond Tree (Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Effects of different solvents on phytochemical constituents, in-vitro antimicrobial activity, and volatile components of Boehmeria rugulosa Wedd. wood extract.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity ofVeterinary world · 2025Article
- Green synthesis of Brassica carinata microgreen silver nanoparticles, characterization, safety assessment, and antimicrobial activities.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- In vitro antifungal activities of medicinal plants used for treatment of candidiasis in Pader district, Northern Uganda.Tropical medicine and health · 2024Article
- Antimicrobial and food barrier properties of polyvinyl alcohol-lactic acid food packaging films.Food science & nutrition · 2024Article
- The therapeutic role of Azadirachta indica leaves ethanolic extract against detrimental effects of Aeromonas veronii infection in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus.Fish physiology and biochemistry · 2024Article
- Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles with Extracts fromBiomolecules · 2024Article
- Polysaccharides from Medicinal Plants: Bridging Ancestral Knowledge with Contemporary Science.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Phytochemical characterization, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Terminalia catappa methanol and aqueous extracts.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInfectious diseases are a major global public health concern as antimicrobial resistance (AMR) currently accounts for more than 700,000 deaths per year worldwide. The emergence and spread of resistant bacterial pathogens remain a key challenge in antibacterial chemotherapy. This study aims to investigate the antibacterial activity of combined extracts of various Kenyan medicinal plants against selected microorganisms of medical significance.
methodsThe antibacterial activity of various extract combinations of Aloe secundiflora, Toddalia asiatica, Senna didymobotrya and Camelia sinensis against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus was assessed using the agar well diffusion and the minimum inhibitory concentration in-vitro assays. The checkerboard method was used to evaluate the interactions between the various extract combinations. ANOVA test followed by Tukey's post hoc multiple comparison test was used to determine statistically significant differences in activity (P < 0.05).
resultsAt concentrations of 100 mg/ml (10,000 µg/well), the different combinations of the aqueous, methanol, dichloromethane and petroleum ether extracts of the selected Kenyan medicinal plants revealed diverse activity against all the test bacteria. The combination of methanolic C. sinensis and A. secundiflora was the most active against E. coli (14.17 ± 0.22 mm, diameter of zones of inhibition (DZI); MIC 2500 µg/well). The combination of methanolic C. sinensis and S. didymobotrya was the most active against S. aureus (16.43 ± 0.10 mm; MIC 1250 µg/well), K. pneumonia (14.93 ± 0.35 mm, DZI; MIC 1250 µg/well), P. aeruginosa (17.22 ± 0.41 mm, DZI; MIC 156.25 µg/well) and MRSA (19.91 ± 0.31 mm, DZI; MIC 1250 µg/well). The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of the different plant extract combinations ranged from 10,000 µg/ well to 156.25 µg/well. The ANOVA test indicated statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) between single extracts and their combinations. The fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICI) showed that the interactions were either synergistic (10.5%), additive (31.6%), indifferent (52.6%), or antagonistic (5.3%) for the selected combinations.
conclusionThis study findings validate the ethnopractice of selectively combining medicinal plants in the management of some bacterial infections in traditional medicine.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.