Observational studyTherapeutic advances in respiratory disease
Treatment patterns in patients with stable COPD in China: analysis of a prospective, 52-week, nationwide, observational cohort study (REAL).
Observational study in Therapeutic advances in respiratory disease. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03131362 (REALizing and Improving Management of Stable COPD in China--A Multi-centre, Prospective, Observational Study to Realize the Current Situation of COPD Patients in China.), which is not on this map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
REALizing and Improving Management of Stable COPD in China--A Multi-centre, Prospective, Observational Study to Realize the Current Situation of COPD Patients in China.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- COPD Patients with a High Exacerbation Risk: Baseline Data Analysis of a National Chinese Prospective Multi-Center Study of Quality Improvement Project.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Trial
- Moderate and Severe Exacerbations and Healthcare Resource Utilization in Chinese Patients with COPD on Triple Therapy: A Retrospective Database Study.Advances in therapy · 2026Article
- Inhaled corticosteroid overuse and deprescribing eligibility in COPD (iCODEC Study): a nationwide cross-sectional analysis in China.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2026Article
- Impact of smoking on the treatment cycle and health economics of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Patterns and Adherence to GOLD-Recommended Inhaled Therapy in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Patients with Acute Exacerbation History in Primary Care in China.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Article
- A study on the influencing factors of early clinical stability in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated by pneumonia.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
- Real-world effectiveness study of guideline-directed COPD STANDARDized management in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cluster randomised trial design.BMJ open respiratory research · 2025Article
- Treatment Decisions for Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in China: An Observational Cross-Sectional Survey Based on Multivariate Discrete Choice Modeling.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2025Observational
- Association between blood heavy metal levels and COPD risk: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES data.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Pharmaceutical treatment status of patients with COPD in the community based on medical Internet of Things: a real-world study.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2024Article
- Developing and validating machine learning-based prediction models for frailty occurrence in those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Journal of thoracic disease · 2024Article
- Exacerbation in patients with stable COPD in China: analysis of a prospective, 52-week, nationwide, observational cohort study (REAL).Therapeutic advances in respiratory diseaseObservational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundUnderdiagnosis and undertreatment pose major barriers to optimal management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in China.
objectiveThe REAL trial was performed to generate reliable information on real-world COPD management, outcomes and risk factors among Chinese patients. Here, we present study outcomes related to COPD management.
designIt is a 52-week, prospective, observational, multicentre study.
methodsOutpatients (aged ⩾40 years) enrolled from 50 secondary and tertiary hospitals across six geographic regions of China were followed up for 12 months, with two onsite visits and by telephone every 3 months following baseline.
resultsBetween June 2017 and January 2019, 5013 patients were enrolled and 4978 included in the analysis. Mean [standard deviation (SD)] age was 66.2 (8.9) years, the majority of patients were male (79.5%) and mean (SD) time since COPD diagnosis was 3.8 (6.2) years. The most common treatments at each study visit were inhaled corticosteroids/long-acting beta-agonists (ICSs/LABAs; 28.3-36.0%), long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs; 13.0-16.2%) and ICS/LABA + LAMA (17.5-18.7%), but up to 15.8% of patients at each visit received neither ICS nor long-acting bronchodilators. The use of ICS/LABA, LAMA and ICS/LABA + LAMA differed across regions and hospital tiers; up to fivefold, more patients received neither ICS nor long-acting bronchodilators in secondary (17.3-25.4%)
conclusionICS/LABA, LAMA and ICS/LABA + LAMA were the most frequently prescribed maintenance treatments for patients with stable COPD in China, although their use differed between region and hospital tier. There is a clear need for improved COPD management across China, particularly in secondary hospitals. REGISTRATION: The trial was registered on 20 March 2017 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03131362; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03131362). PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY:
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