ReviewInternational immunopharmacology2023
Update on the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines on different variants of SARS-CoV-2.
Review in International immunopharmacology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- How well do different COVID-19 vaccines protect against different viral variants? A systematic review and meta-analysis.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · 2025Pooled it
- Altitude and case fatality rate from COVID-19 during the pandemic in Peru, 2020-2022.Revista peruana de medicina experimental y salud publica · 2026Article
- Endothelial Cell Activation by SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Its RBD: Central Player of the Immunothrobotic Response in COVID-19.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in a retrospective cohort of vaccinated university students and employees.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- One year follow up of phase 1/2 randomized, placebo controlled trial of NDV-HXP-S vaccine in Thailand.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Constructing protective mechanism by analysis of vaccine impact based on hybrid model of dynamic DEA and cluster tendency.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Immunogenicity of monovalent and multivalent subunit vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants in mice with divergent vaccination history.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 variants, as determined by the MSD multiplex assay, following COVID-19 vaccination in cancer patients.Vaccine: X · 2025Article
- Review
- Multiple infections with Omicron variants increase breadth and potency of Omicron-specific neutralizing antibodies.Cell discovery · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2: The Interplay Between Evolution and Host Immunity.Annual review of immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- Investigating practices and difficulties in communicating with patients about COVID-19 vaccination among healthcare workers in Italy.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Impact of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 on mortality risk, ICU admission rate, and hospitalization length in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- New COVID-19 vaccination recommendations in Spain: Optimizing for next seasons.Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica · 2025Review
- Skeleton keys and Trojan horses: a review of therapeutic delivery to the brain.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Clinical characteristics, SARS-CoV-2 variants, and outcomes of adults hospitalized due to COVID-19 in Latin American countries.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2025Observational
- Research Trends in Proteomic Studies Using Serum from COVID-19 Patients: A Bibliometric Analysis.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It has been more than three years since the first emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and millions of lives have been taken to date. Like most pandemics caused by viral infections, massive public vaccination is the most promising approach to cease COVID-19 infection. In this regard, several vaccine platforms including inactivated virus, nucleic acid-based (mRNA and DNA vaccines), adenovirus-based, and protein-based vaccines have been designed and developed for COVID-19 prevention and many of them have received FDA or WHO approval. Fortunately, after global vaccination, the transmission rate, disease severity, and mortality rate of COVID-19 infection have diminished significantly. However, a rapid increase in COVID-19 cases due to the omicron variant in vaccinated countries has raised concerns about the effectiveness of these vaccines. In this review, articles published between January 2020 and January 2023 were reviewed using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science search engines with appropriate related keywords. The related papers were selected and discussed in detail. The current review mainly focuses on the effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Along with discussing the available and approved vaccines, characteristics of different variants of COVID-19 have also been discussed in brief. Finally, the currently circulating COVID-19 variant i.e Omicron, along with the effectiveness of available COVID-19 vaccines against these new variants are discussed in detail. In conclusion, based on the available data, administration of newly developed bivalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, as booster shots, would be crucial to prevent further circulation of the newly developed variants.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.