ArticleAnnals of internal medicine2023
Evolving Real-World Effectiveness of Monoclonal Antibodies for Treatment of COVID-19 : A Cohort Study.
Article in Annals of internal medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Real-world untreated risk of hospitalization and death in a nirmatrelvir/ritonavir treatment-eligible population with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in the United States: a systematic literature review.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Cost-effectiveness of preventive COVID-19 interventions: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of comparative economic evaluation studies based on real-world data.Journal of global health · 2025Pooled it
- Underprescribing of Antifracture Medications Following Non-Traumatic Fracture: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- Design and Implementation of Observational Studies Emulating a Target Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- REGEN-COV as the First Line of Defense-A Single-Centre Experience.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Drum Filling of Thin-Film Freeze-Dried Monoclonal Antibody Powder in UniDose Powder Nasal Spray System.Pharmaceutical research · 2025Article
- A comprehensive strategy for pandemic preparedness with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies.mAbs · 2025Article
- Mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5 infection induces post-acute lung fibrosis in BALB/c mice.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Hugh Percy, 10th Duke of Northumberland: Chairmanship of the Agricultural and Medical Research Councils.The Ulster medical journal · 2025Article
- Mouse Adapted Omicron BA.5 Induces A Fibrotic Lung Disease Phenotype in BALB/c Mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Long Covid Symptom Clusters, Correlates and Predictors in a Highly Vaccinated Australian Population in 2023.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025Article
- Article
- Predicting pathogen evolution and immune evasion in the age of artificial intelligence.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025Review
- Effectiveness of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies in real-life: RNAemia and clinical outcomes in high-risk COVID-19 patients.PloS one · 2025Article
- Associations between COVID-19 therapies and outcomes in rural and urban America: A multisite, temporal analysis from the Alpha to Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2025Article
- Clinical Practice Guideline-Supported Administration of Monoclonal Antibody Therapy for High-Risk Patients with COVID-19: Experience of a Quaternary Care Centre.Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada = Journal officiel de l'Association pour la microbiologie medicale et l'infectiologie Canada · 2024Article
- Monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 to prevent COVID-19 worsening in a large multicenter cohort.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Project NextGen: Developing the Next Generation of COVID-19 Vaccines and Therapeutics to Respond to the Present and Prepare for the Future.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTreatment guidelines and U.S. Food and Drug Administration emergency use authorizations (EUAs) of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for treatment of high-risk outpatients with mild to moderate COVID-19 changed frequently as different SARS-CoV-2 variants emerged.
objectiveTo evaluate whether early outpatient treatment with mAbs, overall and by mAb product, presumed SARS-CoV-2 variant, and immunocompromised status, is associated with reduced risk for hospitalization or death at 28 days.
designHypothetical pragmatic randomized trial from observational data comparing mAb-treated patients with a propensity score-matched, nontreated control group.
settingLarge U.S. health care system.
participantsHigh-risk outpatients eligible for mAb treatment under any EUA with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result from 8 December 2020 to 31 August 2022.
interventionSingle-dose intravenous mAb treatment with bamlanivimab, bamlanivimab-etesevimab, sotrovimab, bebtelovimab, or intravenous or subcutaneous casirivimab-imdevimab administered within 2 days of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result. MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome was hospitalization or death at 28 days among treated patients versus a nontreated control group (no treatment or treatment ≥3 days after SARS-CoV-2 test date).
resultsThe risk for hospitalization or death at 28 days was 4.6% in 2571 treated patients and 7.6% in 5135 nontreated control patients (risk ratio [RR], 0.61 [95% CI, 0.50 to 0.74]). In sensitivity analyses, the corresponding RRs for 1- and 3-day treatment grace periods were 0.59 and 0.49, respectively. In subgroup analyses, those receiving mAbs when the Alpha and Delta variants were presumed to be predominant had estimated RRs of 0.55 and 0.53, respectively, compared with 0.71 for the Omicron variant period. Relative risk estimates for individual mAb products all suggested lower risk for hospitalization or death. Among immunocompromised patients, the RR was 0.45 (CI, 0.28 to 0.71). LIMITATIONS: Observational study design, SARS-CoV-2 variant presumed by date rather than genotyping, no data on symptom severity, and partial data on vaccination status.
conclusionEarly mAb treatment among outpatients with COVID-19 is associated with lower risk for hospitalization or death for various mAb products and SARS-CoV-2 variants. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: None.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.