ArticleThe American psychologist
Racism exposure and trauma accumulation perpetuate pain inequities-advocating for change (RESTORATIVE): A conceptual model.
Article in The American psychologist. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Family-Related Factors in Children and Adolescents With Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Mapping Social and Emotional Pathways from Racism to Adverse Health: Applying Racial Trauma Health Theory to the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Pain Affirming Care in Older Adults with Marginalized Experiences: A New Framework for Care.Clinics in geriatric medicine · 2026Review
- Editorial: More than just skin-deep: considering ethnic, racial, and healthcare disparity-based factors in pain experience, treatment, and guidelines.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Parental Validation and Invalidation in Parent-Adolescent Discussion of Worry and Pain.Canadian journal of pain = Revue canadienne de la douleur · 2026Article
- Black Youth and Caregiver Experiences of Racism in Pain Management: A Narrative Inquiry.Journal of pain research · 2026Article
- Chronic pain lived experience of pediatric sickle cell disease: A qualitative study.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2026Article
- How African American Men Cope with Race-Based Traumatic Stress: A Quantitative Study.Social work research · 2025Article
- Ten-year trends in opioid prescribing and vaso-occlusive crises in sickle cell disease: a population-based national cohort study (2011-2022).Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- Social and Societal Factors Interact with Psychological Factors to Shape Pain Outcomes in a Community Sample with Chronic Pain: A Network Study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- How the clinical encounter shapes diagnostic uncertainty in pediatric chronic pain.The journal of pain · 2025Article
- Self-rated pain and observed pain behavior in Black and White Americans with chronic low back pain.The journal of pain · 2025Article
- A dual-focus approach for evaluating contributors to chronic pain: The roles of psychosocial risk and resilience factors.Current opinion in psychology · 2025Review
- Racialized disparities in pain and pain care among Belgian youth.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- The Burden of Racism: How Black Emerging Adult Women Cope with Racism-based Traumatic Stress.Journal of sociology and social welfare · 2025Article
- Changes in Widespread Pain After Surgical Weight Loss in Racialized Adults: A Secondary Analysis From a 2-Year Longitudinal Study.The journal of pain · 2024Article
- Relationships Between Socioecological Factors and Self-Efficacy to Participate in Physical Activity for Adults With Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: An Integrative Review.Physical therapy · 2024Review
- Profiles of Trauma Exposure Type and Its Associations With Pain-Related Outcomes Among Adults With Chronic Pain: A 2-Year Longitudinal Study.The journal of pain · 2024Article
- Through the Lens of Movement-Evoked Pain: A Theoretical Framework of the "Pain-Movement Interface" to Guide Research and Clinical Care for Musculoskeletal Pain Conditions.The journal of pain · 2024Review
- Racial Differences in Movement-Related Appraisals and Pain Behaviors Among Adults With Chronic Low Back Pain.The journal of pain · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Experiences of racism occur across a continuum from denial of services to more subtle forms of discrimination and exact a significant toll. These multilevel systems of oppression accumulate as chronic stressors that cause psychological injury conceptualized as racism-based traumatic stress (RBTS). RBTS has overlapping symptoms with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with the added burden that threats are constantly present. Chronic pain is a public health crisis that is exacerbated by the intersection of racism and health inequities. However, the relationship between RBTS and pain has not yet been explored. To highlight how these phenomena are interlinked, we present Racism ExpoSure and Trauma AccumulatiOn PeRpetuate PAin InequiTIes-AdVocating for ChangE (RESTORATIVE); a novel conceptual model that integrates the models of racism and pain and demonstrates how the shared contribution of trauma symptoms (e.g., RBTS and PTSD) maintains and perpetuates chronic pain for racialized groups in the United States. Visualizing racism and pain as "two halves of the same coin," in which the accumulative effects of numerous events may moderate the severity of RBTS and pain, we emphasize the importance of within-group distinctiveness and intersectionality (overlapping identities). We call on psychologists to lead efforts in applying the RESTORATIVE model, acting as facilitators and advocates for the patient's lived experience with RBTS in clinical pain care teams. To assist with this goal, we offer suggestions for provider and researcher antiracism education, assessment of RBTS in pain populations, and discuss how cultural humility is a central component in implementing the RESTORATIVE model. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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