ArticleNutrition research and practice2023
Dietary zinc intake and sources among Koreans: findings from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016-2019.
Article in Nutrition research and practice, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessment of dietary iodine intake and its sources among Koreans: a cross-sectional analysis from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2019-2021.Nutrition research and practice · 2025Article
- Nutrient Intake Adequacy among Adults in Indonesia and Malaysia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Review
- Essential micronutrients in children and adolescents with a focus on growth and development: a narrative review.Journal of Yeungnam medical science · 2025Article
- Association of Dietary Intake of Zinc and Selenium with Breast Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study in Chinese Women.Nutrients · 2023Article
- High Dietary Zinc Intake Is Associated with Shorter Leukocyte Telomere Length, Mediated by Tumor Necrosis Factor-α: A Study of China Adults.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2023Article
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5 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesZinc is an essential trace mineral which is important for the growth and development of the human body and immunological and neurological functions. Inadequate zinc intake may cause zinc deficiency with its adverse consequences. In this study, we aimed to estimate the dietary zinc intake levels and sources among Koreans. SUBJECTS/
methodsFor this secondary analysis, we obtained data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2016-2019. Individuals aged ≥ 1 yr who had completed a 24-h recall were included. The dietary zinc intake of each individual was calculated by applying data from a newly developed zinc content database to the KNHANES raw data. We also compared the extracted data with the sex-, age-specific reference values suggested in the Korean Dietary Reference Intakes 2020. The prevalence of adequate zinc intake was then evaluated by the proportion of the individuals who met the estimated average requirement (EAR).
resultsThe mean zinc intake of Koreans aged ≥ 1 yr and adults aged ≥ 19 yrs were 10.2 and 10.4 mg/day, equivalent to 147.4% and 140.8% of the EAR, respectively. Approximately 2 in 3 Koreans met the EAR for zinc, but the zinc intake differed slightly among the different age and sex groups. In children aged 1-2 yrs, 2 out of 5 exceeded the upper level of intake, and nearly half of the younger adults (19-29 yrs) and the elders (≥ 75 yrs) did not meet the EAR. The major contributing food groups were grains (38.9%), meats (20.4%), and vegetables (11.1%). The top 5 food contributors to zinc intake were rice, beef, pork, egg, and baechu kimchi, which accounted for half of the dietary intake.
conclusionThe mean zinc intake among Koreans was above the recommended level, but 1 in 3 Koreans had inadequate zinc intake and some children were at risk of excessive zinc intake. Our study included zinc intake from diet only, thus to better understand zinc status, further research to include intake from dietary supplements is needed.
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