ReviewFrontiers in veterinary science2023
New insights into the treatment of meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin since 2009: A review of 671 cases.
Review in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Concurrent Caudal Occipital Malformation Syndrome-Associated Syringomyelia and Presumptive Meningoencephalomyelitis of Unknown Origin Managed with Combined Surgical Decompression and Immunosuppressive Therapy in a Dog.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Detection of neural autoantibodies in dogs with non-infectious inflammatory central nervous system disorders.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2026Article
- Clinical presentation, prognostic factors, and outcomes of meningoencephalitis of unknown origin in older dogs.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2026Article
- NMR metabolomic profiling of cerebrospinal fluid from dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin demonstrates metabolic similarities to multiple sclerosis.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2026Article
- Combination of azathioprine and prednisolone as a treatment for meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin in dogs: 54 cases.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2026Article
- Retrospective evaluation of leflunomide as second-line immunosuppressive therapy in dogs with meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin: 18 cases (2018-2025).Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2026Article
- Evaluation of 600 mg/m2 cytarabine arabinoside as treatment for meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin in 43 dogs.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2026Article
- Case Report: Complete MRI-confirmed remission of presumptive meningoencephalitis of unknown origin in a Chihuahua using a steroid-free combination of leflunomide and mycophenolate mofetil.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Modulation of TH17 cell activity by REV-ERB agonists: path toward novel treatments for canine meningoencephalitis of unknown origin.npj veterinary sciences · 2026Review
- Responsiveness of the neurodisability scale for meningoencephalitis of unknown origin in dogs.The Journal of small animal practice · 2025Article
- Usefulness of neurological assessment scales in prognosis of meningoencephalitis of unknown origin in Yorkshire Terriers.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Tocilizumab binds to canine IL-6 receptor and elicitsFrontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Comparison of 2.0 mg/kg/day and 0.5 mg/kg/day immunosuppressive dexamethasone protocols as initial treatment for dogs with MUO.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Meningoencephalitis of unknown origin in dogs under veterinary referral care in England (2017-2021): a multicenter case control study.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- The value of case reports.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- The role of regulatory T cells in central nervous system diseases in dogs: fighting with a double-edged sword toward translational discoveries.American journal of translational research · 2025Review
- Case report: Necrotizing leukomyelitis and meningitis in a Pomeranian.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Masticatory muscle changes on magnetic resonance imaging of dogs withFrontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Of potential new treatment targets and polythetic approach in meningoencephalitis of unknown origin: a review.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Review
- Magnetic resonance imaging prognostic factors for survival and relapse in dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
"Meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin" (MUO)-a collective term for a group of clinically-indistinguishable (but pathologically distinct) autoimmune diseases of the CNS-has become increasingly commonly recognized throughout the world. In the 1960s-1980s the focus was primarily on the pathological description of these conditions and, largely anecdotally, their response to glucocorticoids. The subsequent availability of magnetic resonance imaging for companion animals led to a focus on imaging characteristics and response of MUO to various immunosuppressive medications. Previous reviews have not found clear evidence of superiority of any specific treatment regimen. Here, we review outcomes in a further 671 dogs treated with various combinations of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive drugs and reported since 2009, aiming to determine whether recommendations can be drawn from the material published during more recent decades. We observe that: (i) there is more complete information on outcome of MUO-affected dogs solely receiving glucocorticoids and these reports provide evidence to undermine the dogma that MUO inevitably requires treatment with glucocorticoids
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.