ArticleFrontiers in public health2023
National analysis of urinary cadmium concentration and kidney stone: Evidence from NHANES (2011-2020).
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Environmental cadmium exposure and the risk of kidney stones: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Association between exposure to urinary metal and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in US adults.PloS one · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
Background: The association between urinary cadmium and kidney stone risk is inconsistent in previous studies, which needs further exploration. This study was performed to explore the association between urinary cadmium and kidney stone. Materials and methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2020) were included and further analyzed. Urinary cadmium was stratified into quartiles with quartile 1 (Q1: 0.025-0.104 μg/L) and quartile 4 (Q4: 0.435-7.581 μg/L). Further weighted logistic regression was adopted to evaluate the association between urinary cadmium and kidney stone. A subgroup analysis was used to verify the findings. The non-linear association was examined using the restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression. Results: A total of 9,056 adults aged 20 years and above were included in this study. In the fully adjusted model, an increased risk of kidney stones was identified for quartile 2 (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.06-1.84, Conclusion: In summary, cadmium exposure is identified as a risk factor for kidney stones in this study. Their non-linear association makes demands on early intervention for the cadmium-exposed population. Medical interventions for kidney stone prevention should take cadmium exposure into account.
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