ReviewTherapeutic advances in neurological disorders2023
Locked-in syndrome revisited.
Review in Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Predictive Validity of the Full Outline of UnResponsiveness Score Compared to the Glasgow Coma Scale in the Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Review.Neurocritical care · 2025Pooled it
- Brain-Computer Interfaces: The Dawn of a New Era in Disease Treatment.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2026Review
- Article
- Multidisciplinary rehabilitation and eye tracker-assisted communication in locked-in syndrome: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Assessing consciousness in patients with locked-in syndrome using their EEG.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Brain-Computer Interfaces for Communication in Patients with Disorders of Consciousness: A Gap Analysis and Scientific Roadmap.Neurocritical care · 2024Review
- Locked-in syndrome: A qualitative study of a life story.Brain and behavior · 2024Article
- Evaluation of Different Types of Stimuli in an Event-Related Potential-Based Brain-Computer Interface Speller under Rapid Serial Visual Presentation.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Covert consciousness.NeuroRehabilitation · 2024Article
- The vascular locked-in and locked-in-plus syndrome: A retrospective case series.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The locked-in syndrome (LiS) is characterized by quadriplegia with preserved vertical eye and eyelid movements and retained cognitive abilities. Subcategorization, aetiologies and the anatomical foundation of LiS are discussed. The damage of different structures in the pons, mesencephalon and thalamus are attributed to symptoms of classical, complete and incomplete LiS and the locked-in plus syndrome, which is characterized by additional impairments of consciousness, making the clinical distinction to other chronic disorders of consciousness at times difficult. Other differential diagnoses are cognitive motor dissociation (CMD) and akinetic mutism. Treatment options are reviewed and an early, interdisciplinary and aggressive approach, including the provision of psychological support and coping strategies is favoured. The establishment of communication is a main goal of rehabilitation. Finally, the quality of life of LiS patients and ethical implications are considered. While patients with LiS report a high quality of life and well-being, medical professionals and caregivers have largely pessimistic perceptions. The negative view on life with LiS must be overthought and the autonomy and dignity of LiS patients prioritized. Knowledge has to be disseminated, diagnostics accelerated and technical support system development promoted. More well-designed research but also more awareness of the needs of LiS patients and their perception as individual persons is needed to enable a life with LiS that is worth living.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.