ArticleGlobalization and health2023
Global health governance performance during Covid-19, what needs to be changed? a delphi survey study.
Article in Globalization and health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- The pursuit of equity in COVID-19 policy and policymaking: A qualitative systematic review.Open research Europe · 2025Pooled it
- Developing and Validating a Global Governance Framework for Health: A Delphi Consensus Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Overview of global governance, capacity, and health systems implication of pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response: A narrative review and descriptive analysis of open-source data.Global health & medicine · 2025Review
- China and the WHO pandemic treaty: a dive into stance, underpinnings, and implications.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Co-Occurrence Analysis of COVID-19 Publications with an Emphasis on the Global Health Governance (GHG).Advanced biomedical research · 2024Article
- COVID-19 vaccine intercountry distribution inequality and its underlying factors: a combined concentration index analysis and multiple linear regression analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Integrating animal welfare into the WHO pandemic treaty: a thematic analysis of civil society perspectives and comparison with treaty drafting.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Spatio-Temporal Patterns of the SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic in Germany.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Strategizing global health governance: unpacking opportunities and challenges for least developed nations within the WHO pandemic treaty framework.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCovid-19 is not the first pandemic to challenge GHG. Preceding outbreaks and epidemics were sources of continuous debate on GHG leadership and structure resulting in its current structure. However, Covid-19 proved the presence of many deficits in the current GHG. The response to the Covid-19 pandemic is a cumulative result of all policies and actions of different governments and agencies active in global health. Assessing how Covid-19 is being handled globally provides lessons for ensuring better performance in facing upcoming outbreaks. This study has three main objectives: first, to evaluate the performance of GHG during Covid-19 in general and in relation to Covid-19 vaccine equity in particular. Second, to identify the reasons behind this performance; and third, to propose prospective changes in GHG for better performance.
methodsA cross-sectional research design using the Delphi method was applied. A panel of experts participated in the three-round Delphi surveys. Their scores were used to perform consensus, performance and correlation analysis.
resultsGHG performance limited the achievement of Covid-19 vaccines' global equity. GHG performance is a product of the existing GHG system, its actors and legal framework. It is a collective result of individual GHG actors' performance. The most influential actors in decision-making regarding Covid-19 vaccine are the vaccine manufacturers and governments. While the most invoked power to influence decision are economic and political powers. Covid-19 decisions underlying value, although had human right to health at the base, overlooked the concept of health as a global public good and was skewed towards market-oriented values. GHG mal-performance along with its underlying factors calls for four main changes in GHG structure: assigning a clear steward for GHG, enhanced accountability, centralized authority, more equitable representation of actors, and better legal framework.
conclusionGHG structure, actors' representation, accountability system, and underlying priorities and value require future modification for GHG to achieve better future performance and higher health equity levels.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.