Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37004057›Full record

ArticleAntimicrobial resistance and infection control2023

Risk factors for in-hospital mortality and secondary bacterial pneumonia among hospitalized adult patients with community-acquired influenza: a large retrospective cohort study.

Guangzhao Yi, Marlieke E A de Kraker, Niccolò Buetti, Xiaoni Zhong, Jinyan Li, Zhe Yuan, Weimin Zhu, Jia Zhou, Hongyu Zhou

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Antimicrobial resistance and infection control, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
2.8field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Guangzhao YiDepartment of Hospital Infection Control, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, You Yi Road 1, Chongqing, 400016, China.
Marlieke E A de KrakerInfection Control Program, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
Niccolò BuettiInfection Control Program, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
Xiaoni ZhongResearch Center for Medicine and Social Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Jinyan LiInformation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Zhe YuanDepartment of Hospital Infection Control, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, You Yi Road 1, Chongqing, 400016, China.
Weimin ZhuDepartment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Jia ZhouDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Hongyu ZhouDepartment of Hospital Infection Control, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, You Yi Road 1, Chongqing, 400016, China. hyzhou@cqmu.edu.cn.
First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University · CNChongqing Medical University · CNUniversity Hospital of Geneva · CHChongqing Public Health Medical Center · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSecondary bacterial pneumonia is an important complication of seasonal influenza, but little data is available about impact on death and risk factors. This study identified risk factors for all-cause in-hospital mortality and secondary bacterial pneumonia among hospitalized adult patients with community-acquired influenza.

methodsA retrospective cohort study was performed at a tertiary teaching hospital in southwest China. The study cohort included all adult hospitalized patients with a laboratory-confirmed, community-acquired influenza virus infection during three consecutive influenza seasons from 2017 to 2020. Cause-specific Cox regression was used to analyze risk factors for mortality and secondary bacterial pneumonia, respectively, accounting for competing events (discharge alive and discharge alive or death without secondary bacterial pneumonia, respectively).

resultsAmong 174 patients enrolled in this study, 14.4% developed secondary bacterial pneumonia and 11.5% died during hospitalization. For all-cause in-hospital mortality, time-varying secondary bacterial pneumonia was a direct risk factor of death (cause-specific hazard ratio [csHR] 3.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25-9.17); underlying disease indirectly increased death risk through decreasing the hazard of being discharged alive (csHR 0.55, 95% CI 0.39-0.77). For secondary bacterial pneumonia, the final model only confirmed direct risk factors: age ≥ 65 years (csHR 2.90, 95% CI 1.27-6.62), male gender (csHR 3.78, 95% CI 1.12-12.84) and mechanical ventilation on admission (csHR 2.96, 95% CI 1.32-6.64).

conclusionsSecondary bacterial pneumonia was a major risk factor for in-hospital mortality among adult hospitalized patients with community-acquired influenza. Prevention strategies for secondary bacterial pneumonia should target elderly male patients and critically ill patients under mechanical ventilation.

Indexed as

Community-Acquired InfectionsInfluenza, HumanPneumonia, BacterialAdultAgedHospital MortalityHumansMaleRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsAll-cause in-hospital mortalityRisk factorsSeasonal influenzaSecondary bacterial pneumonia

Identifiers

PMID37004057
PMCPMC10064953
OpenAlexW4362520861

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.