ArticleAdvanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)2023
Designing Covalent Organic Framework-Based Light-Driven Microswimmers toward Therapeutic Applications.
Article in Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Task-Oriented Biomedical Microrobots: Access, Working Environment, Actuation, Body Design, Detection and Control.Micromachines · 2026Review
- Smart covalent organic frameworks in cancer sensing and imaging: opportunities, challenges, and translational prospects.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Review
- Autonomous Microrobots for Spatiotemporally Active Therapeutic Delivery and Controlled Release.Cyborg and bionic systems (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- Upconversion Nanoparticle-Covalent Organic Framework Core-shell Particles as Therapeutic Microrobots Trackable With Optoacoustic Imaging.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Article
- Enhanced atherosclerosis molecular imaging and therapy with collagen hybridizing peptide functionalized albumin nanoparticles.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Advanced strategies of covalent organic framework nanomedicines in targeting and overcoming biological barriers.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2025Review
- Nanoparticles of non-porphyrinic covalent organic frameworks as contrast agents for photoacoustic imaging.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Magnetically Controllable and Degradable Milliscale Swimmers as Intraocular Drug Implants.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- MOF Coating Enhances the Ion Tolerance of Micromotors.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2025Article
- Technology Roadmap of Micro/Nanorobots.ACS nano · 2025Review
- NIR-II Fluorescent Thermophoretic Nanomotors for Superficial Tumor Photothermal Therapy.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Article
- Microrobotic Swarms for Cancer Therapy.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Review
- Insights into the Biological Activity and Bio-Interaction Properties of Nanoscale Imine-Based 2D and 3D Covalent Organic Frameworks.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Evolution of the Microrobots: Stimuli-Responsive Materials and Additive Manufacturing Technologies Turn Small Structures into Microscale Robots.Micromachines · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
While micromachines with tailored functionalities enable therapeutic applications in biological environments, their controlled motion and targeted drug delivery in biological media require sophisticated designs for practical applications. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), a new generation of crystalline and nanoporous polymers, offer new perspectives for light-driven microswimmers in heterogeneous biological environments including intraocular fluids, thus setting the stage for biomedical applications such as retinal drug delivery. Two different types of COFs, uniformly spherical TABP-PDA-COF sub-micrometer particles and texturally nanoporous, micrometer-sized TpAzo-COF particles are described and compared as light-driven microrobots. They can be used as highly efficient visible-light-driven drug carriers in aqueous ionic and cellular media. Their absorption ranging down to red light enables phototaxis even in deeper and viscous biological media, while the organic nature of COFs ensures their biocompatibility. Their inherently porous structures with ≈2.6 and ≈3.4 nm pores, and large surface areas allow for targeted and efficient drug loading even for insoluble drugs, which can be released on demand. Additionally, indocyanine green (ICG) dye loading in the pores enables photoacoustic imaging, optical coherence tomography, and hyperthermia in operando conditions. This real-time visualization of the drug-loaded COF microswimmers enables unique insights into the action of photoactive porous drug carriers for therapeutic applications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.