ArticleVeterinary medicine and science2023
Effect of flowing water on the pharmacokinetic properties of norfloxacin in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) after single-dose oral administration.
Article in Veterinary medicine and science, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrated Monitoring of Water Quality, Metal Ions, and Antibiotic Residues, with Isolation and Optimization of Enrofloxacin-Degrading Bacteria in American Shad (Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Article
- Analysis of the Biochemical Effect of Enrofloxacin on American Shad (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Effect of flowing water on the pharmacokinetic properties of norfloxacin in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) after single-dose oral administration.Veterinary medicine and science · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) is a widely used, water-saving and efficient aquaculture model. However, bacterial diseases are common in farmed fish reared at high densities. Although antibiotics effectively treat these diseases, developing efficient methods to increase drug clearance in fish and decrease the concentrations of antibiotic residues in aquatic products is essential.
objectivesThis study evaluates the effect of flowing water in the RAS on norfloxacin (NOR) pharmacokinetics in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus).
methodsChannel catfish were randomly divided into the control group (RAS group) and the experimental group (flow-through aquaculture system group) (120 individuals/group). A NOR dose of 20 mg/kg was then orally administered to the fish. Plasma, muscle, liver and kidney samples were collected up to 168 h after treatment. NOR concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a non-compartmental method.
resultsFlowing water had a significant effect on the plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of NOR, increasing NOR clearance in the kidney, muscle and plasma. The time to maximum concentration of NOR was shorter in the plasma and longer in the kidney and liver. Moreover, flowing water increased the maximum concentration of NOR in the kidney, muscle and plasma and decreased the area under the concentration-time curve from time 0 to the last measurable concentration in the liver and plasma. Flowing water decreased the withdrawal period in muscle from 10 to 6 days.
conclusionsThese results indicate that flowing water can potentially increase NOR clearance in channel catfish.
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