ArticleThe Science of the total environment2023
Bone lead variability in bone repository skeletal samples measured with portable x-ray fluorescence.
Article in The Science of the total environment, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Portable Cd-109/CZT KXRF system for in vivo bone lead measurement: a field-deployable method for assessing cumulative lead exposure.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Comparison between inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and benchtop X-ray fluorescence performance for trace elemental exposure in rat tissues.Journal of trace elements and minerals · 2025Article
- Dosimetry Testing for a New In Vivo X-ray Fluorescence Measurement System.Health physics · 2025Article
- The Role of Fe, S, P, Ca, and Sr in Porous Skeletal Lesions: A Study on Non-adult Individuals Using pXRF.Biological trace element research · 2025Article
- Ways to Measure Metals: From ICP-MS to XRF.Current environmental health reports · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Bone lead serves as a better, more accessible biomarker to many communities experiencing chronic exposure to lead. A new method using low energy x-ray fluorescence in a handheld device (portable XRF) allows us to measure this chronic biomarker in only a few minutes. However, many unknowns remain about this biomarker measured using a new low energy x-ray technique. The low energy of the new method was theorized to measure a slightly different portion of the bone than previous techniques, which could influence measurements at different bone sites and types. We tested how bone measurements varied across five bone sites: mid-tibial shaft, proximal tibia, distal tibia (ankle), ilium, and cranium. We found bone lead measurements are not significantly different between skeletal elements when measured using a portable XRF. On average, bone lead in the repository samples was measured to be 21.6 ± 21.3 μg/g with an XRF detection limit of 2.1 ± 0.5 μg/g. Cumulative lead exposure can be effectively measured using the portable XRF on a variety of bone types, but the tibia should be preferentially measured to compare between studies and individuals.
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Registered trials
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