ArticleEnvironment international2023
Temporal trends and predictors of phthalate, phthalate replacement, and phenol biomarkers in the LIFECODES Fetal Growth Study.
Article in Environment international, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and reproductive toxicity of di-2-ethylhexyl terephthalate (DEHTP) and other substituted benzene carboxylic acid derivatives used as phthalate alternatives.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2026Review
- Considerations for the Analysis of Urinary Environmental Chemical Concentrations During Pregnancy.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Longitudinal patterns of urinary biomarkers of placental and renal function in pregnancy and associations with early pregnancy exposure to phthalates and replacements.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Prenatal Exposure to Mixtures of Nonpersistent Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Angiogenic Biomarkers, Placental Function, and Fetal Growth.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Organophosphate ester exposure in pregnancy, gestational weight gain, and postpartum body composition in a U.S.-based longitudinal pregnancy cohort.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2025Article
- Plastic Additives in Single-Use and Reusable Menstrual Products: Potential Implications for Human Health and the Environment.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Human Internal Exposures of Bisphenol A and Six Data-Poor Analogs Predicted by Physiologically Based Kinetic Models with Multimodal Parametrization.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Exposure to phthalates and replacements during pregnancy in association with gestational blood pressure and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Examining the association between gestational phenol exposure and infant non-nutritive suck in two Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes cohorts.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Partial Effects in Environmental Mixtures: Evidence and Guidance on Methods and Implications.Environmental health perspectives · 2025Article
- Associations of prenatal concentrations of environmental phthalates and phenols with preeclampsia.Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Periods of susceptibility for associations between phthalate exposure and preterm birth: Results from a pooled analysis of 16 US cohorts.Environment international · 2025Article
- Consumer Product Chemical Mixtures and Oxylipin-Mediated Inflammation and Oxidative Stress during Early Pregnancy: Findings from a Large US Pregnancy Cohort.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Prenatal exposure to phthalates and phthalate replacements in relation to chorionic plate surface vasculature at delivery.The Science of the total environment · 2025Article
- Prenatal exposure to environmental phenols and fetal growth across pregnancy in the LIFECODES fetal growth study.Environment international · 2024Article
- Environmental phenol exposures in 6- to 12-week-old infants: The Infant Feeding and Early Development (IFED) study.Environmental research · 2024Article
- Organophosphate Ester Flame Retardants and Plasticizers in Relation to Fetal Growth in the LIFECODES Fetal Growth Study.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- Phthalate exposure increases interferon-γ during pregnancy: The Atlanta African American Maternal-Child Cohort.The Science of the total environment · 2024Article
- Predictors of upstream inflammation and oxidative stress pathways during early pregnancy.Free radical biology & medicine · 2024Article
- Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and male reproductive health.Fertility and sterility · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundExposure to many phthalates and phenols is declining as replacements are introduced. There is little information on temporal trends or predictors of exposure to these newer compounds, such as phthalate replacements, especially among pregnant populations.
objectiveExamine temporal trends and predictors of exposure to phthalates, phthalate replacements, and phenols using single- and multi-pollutant approaches.
methodsWe analyzed data from 900 singleton pregnancies in the LIFECODES Fetal Growth Study, a nested case-cohort with recruitment from 2007 to 2018. We measured and averaged concentrations of 12 phthalate metabolites, four phthalate replacement metabolites, and 12 phenols in urine at three timepoints during pregnancy. We visualized and analyzed temporal trends and predictors of biomarker concentrations. To examine chemical mixtures, we derived clusters of individuals with shared exposure profiles using a finite mixture model and examined temporal trends and predictors of cluster assignment.
resultsExposure to phthalates and most phenols declined across the study period, while exposure to phthalate replacements (i.e., di(isononyl) cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, diisononyl ester [DINCH] and di-2-ethylhexyl terephthalate [DEHTP]) and bisphenol S (BPS) increased. For example, the sum of DEHTP biomarkers increased multiple orders of magnitude, with an average concentration of 0.92 ng/mL from 2007 to 2008 and 61.9 ng/mL in 2017-2018. Biomarkers of most chemical exposures varied across sociodemographic characteristics, with the highest concentrations observed in non-Hispanic Black or Hispanic participants relative to non-Hispanic White participants. We identified five clusters with shared exposure profiles and observed temporal trends in cluster membership. For example, at the end of the study period, a cluster characterized by high exposure to phthalate replacements was the most prevalent. SIGNIFICANCE: In a large and well-characterized pregnancy cohort, we observed exposure to phthalate replacements and BPS increased over time while exposure to phthalates and other phenols decreased. Our results highlight the changing nature of exposure to consumer product chemical mixtures.
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