ReviewEXCLI journal2023
Streptozotocin as a tool for induction of rat models of diabetes: a practical guide.
Review in EXCLI journal, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 146 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
146 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 190 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of vitamin D signalling in β cell apoptosis: a systematic review.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Pooled it
- Exploring the efficacy of plant-based nutraceuticals in managing diabetic neuropathy.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Drug-Loaded Red Blood Cell-Derived Carriers for Targeted Delivery to Accelerate Tissue Regeneration.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Hyperglycemia associated brain dysfunction: rodent models for studying diabetic cognitive deficits.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Review
- Gestational diabetes promotes future maternal cardiovascular disease through endothelin activation and suppressed NO/cGMP/PRKG and AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathways.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2026Article
- Fixed-dose streptozotocin combined with high-fat diet induces a stable type 2 diabetes-like phenotype in C57BL/6J mice.Disease models & mechanisms · 2026Article
- Dose-Dependent Protective Effects of Agmatine on Sublingual Gland Dysfunction and Pancreatic Damage in Experimental Diabetes: Evidence From Histological, Biochemical, and Immunohistochemical Analyses.Microscopy research and technique · 2026Article
- Hypoglycemic and tissue protective effects of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) on diabetes associated periodontal tissue alterations.Odontology · 2026Article
- Heterologous Fibrin Biopolymer for Post-Extraction Alveolar Bone Healing in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Article
- Biofunctionalization of Selenium Nanoparticles with Moringa Oleifera Modulates Redox Balance and Inflammatory Responses in Experimental Hyperglycemia.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Exercise reverses diabetes-induced microRNA dysregulation in white adipose tissue.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Article
- The Effect of Aminoguanidine on Fibrinogen Gene Expression and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in the Liver Tissue of a Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat ModelTurkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2026Article
- Additive Effects of Quercetin-RichPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Silymarin attenuates diabetic nephropathy in rats via modulation of the miRNA-223/NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD axis and inflammasome-related pyroptotic signaling.Biology direct · 2026Article
- Probiotic and paraprobiotic intervention modulates testicular DNA methylation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: insights into the role of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Methodological Concerns Regarding Cardioprotective Effects of PCSK9 Inhibition in Diabetic Rats.Anatolian journal of cardiology · 2026Article
- Morphological and Biochemical Insights Into the Renoprotective Effects of Combined N-Acetylcysteine and Glycine Treatment in Experimental Diabetic Nephropathy.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2026Article
- A Potential Probiotic Lactiplantibacillus Plantarum Isolate from Egyptian Cottage Cheese Alleviates Metabolic Syndrome Manifestations: In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Evaluation of cardiac histology and cell death markers during the progression of diabetes in a streptozotocin-induced diabetes rat model.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026Article
86 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Streptozotocin (STZ) is the most used diabetogenic chemical for creating rat models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Despite ~60 years of using STZ in animal diabetes research, some prevailing views about STZ preparation and use are not supported by evidence. Here, we provide practical guides for using STZ to induce diabetes in rats. Susceptibility to the diabetogenic effect of STZ is inversely related to age, and males are more susceptible to STZ than females. Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats, the most commonly-used rat strains, are sensitive to STZ, but some strains (e.g., Wistar-Kyoto rats) are less sensitive. STZ is mostly injected intravenously or intraperitoneally, but its intravenous injection produces more stable hyperglycemia. Despite the prevailing view, no fasting is necessary before STZ injection, and injection of its anomer-equilibrated solutions (i.e., more than 2 hours of dissolving) is recommended. Mortality following the injection of diabetogenic doses of STZ is due to severe hypoglycemia (during the first 24 h) or severe hyperglycemia (24 h after the injection and onwards). Some measures to prevent hypoglycemia-related mortality in rats include providing access to food soon after the injection, administration of glucose/sucrose solutions during the first 24-48 h after the injection, administration of STZ to fed animals, and using anomer-equilibrated solutions of STZ. Hyperglycemia-related mortality following injection of high doses of STZ can be overcome with insulin administration. In conclusion, STZ is a valuable chemical for inducing diabetes in rats, but some practical guides should be considered to perform well-conducted and ethical studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.