Trial reportJournal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA2023
Effect of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation as adjunctive treatment for insomnia patients under hypnotics: A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study.
Trial report in Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for insomnia disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Knowledge map of transcranial magnetic stimulation for insomnia: a bibliometric and visual analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- The effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation on state and trait anxiety among undergraduates with insomnia symptoms: a randomized control trial.BMC psychology · 2026Trial
- Physical factor therapies for insomnia: a narrative review of mechanisms, clinical evidence, and phenotype-guided applications.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- The Latest Advances in Non-Invasive Neurostimulation for Insomnia: A Review.Nature and science of sleep · 2025Review
- The effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation on cognitive flexibility among undergraduates with insomnia symptoms: A prospective, single-blind, randomized control trial.International journal of clinical and health psychology : IJCHPArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPharmacotherapy of insomnia is prescribed often but may be complicated by drug dependence. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia is effective, but requires time to take effect. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is effective for depression but of uncertain benefit for insomnia. We studied low-frequency rTMS of the left dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) as an adjunctive therapy of insomnia.
methodsWe recruited 60 patients with insomnia, of whom 49 completed the study. We applied 1 Hz rTMS to the DMPFC in the experimental group (n = 36) and sham coil for the placebo group (n = 13). Outcome measures included objective polysomnography (PSG) and subjective Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). All participants were requested to continue prescribed pharmacotherapy.
resultsAfter 10 sessions of low-frequency DMPFC-rTMS, the experimental group demonstrated a reduction of duration of wake after sleep onset (WASO) from 75.4 (±53.3) to 51.2 (±75.1) min ( p = 0.011). Sleep efficiency (SE) increased from 74.6% (±15.6) to 80.8% (±13.8) ( p = 0.004). The sham group experienced improved SE from 79.4% (±30.7) to 88.9% (±5.6) ( p = 0.039). After controlling for baseline PSG parameters and hypnotic dosage, the sham group exhibited better effects of sleep onset latency and SE than the rTMS group but no difference on PSQI.
conclusionAlthough the effects of rTMS and sham coil on insomnia were similar (which implied significant placebo effect), low-frequency DMPFC-rTMS might offer a safe, non-invasive, and useful adjunctive therapy of insomnia by reducing WASO. The DMPFC may represent a new target for future rTMS insomnia studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.