ArticleAlzheimer's research & therapy2023
Different effects of cardiometabolic syndrome on brain age in relation to gender and ethnicity.
Article in Alzheimer's research & therapy, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cardiometabolic risk factors and brain age: a meta-analysis to quantify brain structural differences related to diabetes, hypertension, and obesity.Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPNPooled it
- Central Obesity-related Brain Alterations Predict Cognitive Impairments in First Episode of Psychosis.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Observational
- Metabolic syndrome is associated with accelerated brain aging.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Multimorbidity burden and patterns associated with DeepBrainNet-derived brain-age gap in dementia-free older adults: A community-based study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Surface-based brain age index reflects hematological impacts on cognitive development in children with beta-thalassemia major.iScience · 2026Article
- Associations between contralesional neuroplasticity and motor impairment through deep learning-derived MRI regional brain age in chronic stroke (ENIGMA): a multicohort, retrospective, observational study.The Lancet. Digital health · 2026Observational
- Hidden risk: Latent cognitive profiles and structural brain age reveal vulnerability in midlife metabolic syndrome.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2025Article
- Twelve-year nationwide cohort study identifying risk factors for conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Impact of sleep apnea on alzheimer's disease in relation to sex: an 8-year longitudinal follow-up study of a nationwide cohort.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2025Article
- Buffering brain aging: education moderates language impairment in Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Article
- Mediating role of muscle quality in the liver-brain axis: integrated analysis of CT markers of body composition, brain aging, and biomarkers.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Severe motor impairment is associated with lower contralesional brain age in chronic stroke.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Diabetes, Prediabetes, and Brain Aging: The Role of Healthy Lifestyle.Diabetes care · 2024Article
- Different associations between body mass index and Alzheimer's markers depending on metabolic health.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Article
- Discovery of High-Risk Clinical Factors That Accelerate Brain Aging in Adults: A Population-Based Machine Learning Study.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2024Article
- Deep learning-based quantification of brain atrophy using 2D T1-weighted MRI for Alzheimer's disease classification.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Article
- Ethnic differences in the effects of apolipoprotein E ɛ4 and vascular risk factors on accelerated brain aging.Brain communications · 2024Article
- Metabolic syndrome severity and the energetic cost of brain network transitions: A normative modeling study of accelerated brain aging.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundA growing body of evidence shows differences in the prevalence of cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) and dementia based on gender and ethnicity. However, there is a paucity of information about ethnic- and gender-specific CMS effects on brain age. We investigated the different effects of CMS on brain age by gender in Korean and British cognitively unimpaired (CU) populations. We also determined whether the gender-specific difference in the effects of CMS on brain age changes depending on ethnicity.
methodsThese analyses used de-identified, cross-sectional data on CU populations from Korea and United Kingdom (UK) that underwent brain MRI. After propensity score matching to balance the age and gender between the Korean and UK populations, 5759 Korean individuals (3042 males and 2717 females) and 9903 individuals from the UK (4736 males and 5167 females) were included in this study. Brain age index (BAI), calculated by the difference between the predicted brain age by the algorithm and the chronological age, was considered as main outcome and presence of CMS, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, obesity, and underweight was considered as a predictor. Gender (males and females) and ethnicity (Korean and UK) were considered as effect modifiers.
resultsThe presence of T2DM and hypertension was associated with a higher BAI regardless of gender and ethnicity (p < 0.001), except for hypertension in Korean males (p = 0.309). Among Koreans, there were interaction effects of gender and the presence of T2DM (p for T2DM*gender = 0.035) and hypertension (p for hypertension*gender = 0.046) on BAI in Koreans, suggesting that T2DM and hypertension are each associated with a higher BAI in females than in males. In contrast, among individuals from the UK, there were no differences in the effects of T2DM (p for T2DM*gender = 0.098) and hypertension (p for hypertension*gender = 0.203) on BAI between males and females.
conclusionsOur results highlight gender and ethnic differences as important factors in mediating the effects of CMS on brain age. Furthermore, these results suggest that ethnic- and gender-specific prevention strategies may be needed to protect against accelerated brain aging.
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