ArticleBMC public health2023
The magnitude and determinants of delayed initiation of antenatal care among pregnant women in Gambia; evidence from Gambia demographic and health survey data.
Article in BMC public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nonadherence to the WHO 2016 Antenatal Care Model and Associated Factors Among Delivering and Postnatal Women in Southern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of pregnancy · 2026Article
- Why Do First Time Mothers in Sub-Saharan Africa Delay Their First Antenatal Care Visit? Evidence From Demographic and Health Surveys (2019-2022) From 18 Countries-A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Late initiation of antenatal care and its associated factors among pregnant women in Benin: a facility based cross-sectional study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Multilevel analysis of late antenatal care booking and its predictors among pregnant women in extremely high and very high maternal mortality sub-Saharan African countries: evidence from recent demographic and health surveys data.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Predicting delayed antenatal care initiation among pregnant women in East Africa: using machine learning algorithms.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Article
- Effect of antenatal care on birth outcomes in the Gambia: A propensity score matching analysis.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Evolution and determinants of antenatal care services utilization among women of reproductive age in Rwanda: a scoping review.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Time to initiation of antenatal care and its predictors among pregnant women who delivered in Arba Minch town public health facilities, Gamo Zone, southern Ethiopia, 2023: a retrospective follow-up study.Reproductive health · 2024Article
- Factors Associated with Late Antenatal Initiation among Women in Malawi.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Timely Initiation of Antenatal Care and its Determinants Among Pregnant Women in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.SAGE open nursingArticle
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Abstract
backgroundDespite gains throughout the 20th century, maternal health remains a major public health concern. Despite global efforts to enhance access to maternal and child healthcare services, women in low- and middle-income countries still have a high risk of dying during pregnancy and after birth. This study aimed to determine the magnitude and determinants of late antenatal care initiation among reproductive age women in Gambia.
methodSecondary data analysis was conducted using the 2019-20 Gambian demographic and health survey data. All reproductive age women who gave birth in the five years preceding the survey and who had an antenatal care visit for the last child were included in this study. The total weighted sample size analyzed was 5310. Due to the hierarchical nature of demographic and health survey data, a multi-level logistic regression model was performed to identify the individual and community level factors associated with delayed first antenatal care initiation.
resultIn this study, the prevalence of delayed initiation of initial antenatal care was 56% ranged from 56 to 59%. Women with age 25-34 [Adjusted Odds Ratio = 0.77; 95% CI 0.67-0.89], 35-49 [Adjusted Odds Ratio = 0.77; 95% CI 0.65-0.90] and women reside in urban area [Adjusted Odds Ratio = 0.59; 95% CI 0.47-0.75] respectively had lower odds of delayed first antenatal care initiation. While women with unplanned pregnancy [Adjusted Odds Ratio = 1.60; 95% CI 1.37-1.84], no health insurance [Adjusted Odds Ratio = 1.78; 95% CI 1.14-2.76] and previous history of cesarean delivery [Adjusted Odds Ratio = 1.50; 95% CI 1.10-2.07] had higher odds of delayed initiation of antenatal care.
conclusionDespite the established advantages of early antenatal care initiation, this study revealed that late antenatal care initiation is still common in Gambia. Unplanned pregnancy, residence, health insurance, history of caesarian delivery, and age were significantly associated with delayed first antenatal care presentation. Therefore, focusing extra attention on these high-risk individuals could reduce delayed first antenatal care visit and this further minimizes maternal and fetal health concerns by recognizing and acting early.
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