Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36997003›Full record

ReviewPeptides2023

The molecular pharmacology of glucagon agonists in diabetes and obesity.

Aaron Novikoff, Timo D Müller

Open access · hybridAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Peptides, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
10.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Review
  4. Effect of GLP-1 receptor agonist on nutrient intake: A narrative review.Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · 2026
    Review
  5. Future GLP-1 receptor co-agonists and their cardiac effects.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Aaron NovikoffInstitute of Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany. Electronic address: aaron.novikoff@helmholtz-munich.de.
Timo D MüllerInstitute of Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany. Electronic address: timodirk.muller@helmholtz-munich.de.
Helmholtz Zentrum München · DE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Within recent decades glucagon receptor (GcgR) agonism has drawn attention as a therapeutic tool for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. In both mice and humans, glucagon administration enhances energy expenditure and suppresses food intake suggesting a promising metabolic utility. Therefore synthetic optimization of glucagon-based pharmacology to further resolve the physiological and cellular underpinnings mediating these effects has advanced. Chemical modifications to the glucagon sequence have allowed for greater peptide solubility, stability, circulating half-life, and understanding of the structure-function potential behind partial and "super"-agonists. The knowledge gained from such modifications has provided a basis for the development of long-acting glucagon analogues, chimeric unimolecular dual- and tri-agonists, and novel strategies for nuclear hormone targeting into glucagon receptor-expressing tissues. In this review, we summarize the developments leading toward the current advanced state of glucagon-based pharmacology, while highlighting the associated biological and therapeutic effects in the context of diabetes and obesity.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2GlucagonAnimalsGlucagon-Like Peptide 1HumansMiceObesityReceptors, GlucagonGlucagonGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Receptors, GlucagonBiased agonismDiabetesDual-agonistsGlucagonObesityPharmacologyTri-agonists

Identifiers

PMID36997003
PMCPMC10265134
OpenAlexW4361284463

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.